A Study of Megestrol Acetate Alone or in Combination With Testosterone Enanthate Drug in the Treatment of HIV-Associated Weight Loss

Condition(s) targeted: HIV Infections; HIV Wasting Syndrome

Intervention: Testosterone enanthate (Drug); Megestrol acetate (Drug)

Phase: Phase 2

Status: Completed

Sponsored by: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)

Official(s) and/or principal investigator(s):
Schambelan M, Study Chair
Mulligan K, Study Chair
Von Roenn JH, Study Chair

To test the hypothesis that the predominant accrual of fat rather than lean body mass (LBM) that occurs during treatment of HIV-associated wasting with megestrol acetate may be improved by treatment with megestrol acetate and testosterone enanthate in combination.

Body wasting is an increasingly frequent AIDS-defining condition in individuals infected with HIV. Increasing caloric intake fails to consistently restore lean tissue patients with HIV associated weight loss. Megestrol acetate has been shown to stimulate appetite and weight gain in subjects with cancer and in those with HIV associated weight loss. However, the weight gained during treatment with megestrol acetate was predominantly or exclusively fat. An important factor is the preferential increase in body fat seen in both of these studies may have been due to hypogonadism that occurs as a result of treatment with megestrol acetate, a progestational agent. Hypogonadism is associated with an increase in body fat and a decrease in LBM. Concomitant testosterone replacement should substantially increase the amount of LBM accrued during megestrol acetate therapy. This study will determine whether anabolic potential can be realized when caloric intake is increased in the absence of concomitant hypogonadism.

Official title: Double-Blind Randomized Comparison Phase II Trial of Megestrol Acetate and Testosterone Enanthate in Combination Versus Megestrol Acetate Plus Testosterone Enanthate Placebo in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-Associated Wasting.

Study design: Treatment, Parallel Assignment, Safety Study

Detailed description: Body wasting is an increasingly frequent AIDS-defining condition in individuals infected with HIV. Increasing caloric intake fails to consistently restore lean tissue patients with HIV associated weight loss. Megestrol acetate has been shown to stimulate appetite and weight gain in subjects with cancer and in those with HIV associated weight loss. However, the weight gained during treatment with megestrol acetate was predominantly or exclusively fat. An important factor is the preferential increase in body fat seen in both of these studies may have been due to hypogonadism that occurs as a result of treatment with megestrol acetate, a progestational agent. Hypogonadism is associated with an increase in body fat and a decrease in LBM. Concomitant testosterone replacement should substantially increase the amount of LBM accrued during megestrol acetate therapy. This study will determine whether anabolic potential can be realized when caloric intake is increased in the absence of concomitant hypogonadism.

This is a 24 week study consisting of a 12 week double blind, randomized comparison Phase II trial of megestrol acetate and testosterone enanthate in combination versus megestrol acetate plus testosterone enanthate placebo in HIV associated wasting and a 12 week open label follow up of the combination therapy.

Minimum age: 18 Years. Maximum age: N/A. Gender(s): Both.

Criteria:

Inclusion Criteria

Concurrent Medication:

Allowed:

- Stable antiretroviral therapy provided the patient has been on it for >=30 days prior

to study entry. AS PER AMENDMENT 9/26/97: Optimized antiretroviral therapy as determined by primary care provider with at least 30 days since initiation of such therapy.

- Standard maintenance and prophylaxis therapy for opportunistic infections is permitted

provided patients have been on a stable dosage regimen for 2 weeks prior to screening.

- G-CSF.

- Erythropoietin.

- Any symptomatic therapy (e. g., analgesics, antihistamines, antiemetic, antidiarrheal

agents, etc.).

- Replacement levels of thyroid drugs (same drug and dose as at 30 days pre-entry).

- Maintenance therapy is permitted for chronic opportunistic infections, but patient

must be on a stable regimen for 14 days pre-entry.

- AS PER AMENDMENT 9/26/97: Oral nutritional supplements, dronabinol, cyproheptadine, or

pentoxifylline.

Patients must have:

- Documented HIV-1 infection.

- Documented weight loss of > 10% pre-illness weight or Body Mass Index < 18. 5 kg/m2. AS

PER AMENDMENT 9/26/97: Documented weight loss of >= 5% pre-illness weight or Body Mass Index < 20 kg/m2.

- Life expectancy of at least 6 months.

NOTE:

- This protocol meets federal requirements governing prisoner participation in clinical

trials.

Prior Medication:

Allowed:

- Stable (no change in drugs or dosage) antiretroviral therapy or no antiretroviral

medications for >= 30 days prior to the study entry.

Exclusion Criteria

Co-existing Condition:

Patients with any of the following symptoms or conditions are excluded:

- Diabetes mellitus.

- Diarrhea defined as 4 or more liquid or watery stools per day while using

antidiarrheal medication.

- Tube feeding. AS PER AMENDMENT 9/26/97: Total or partial parenteral nutrition

delivered centrally or peripherally.

- Impaired oral intake due to mucositis of any cause.

- Grade 2 or greater intractable nausea and vomiting despite medication.

- Cardiomyopathy or congestive heart failure.

- Persistent palpable dominant breast mass at study entry that has not been worked up -

males and females.

Female patients:

- Pap smear or cervical biopsy that demonstrates high grade squamous intraepithelial

lesions or cervical intraepithelial lesions 2 or worse.

Concurrent Medication:

Excluded:

- Systemic chemotherapy for B-cell lymphoma or malignancies other than Kaposi's sarcoma.

(Patients with Kaposi's sarcoma receiving systemic chemotherapy will not be excluded.)

- Total or peripheral parenteral nutrition (oral supplements are not excluded).

- Anticoagulant therapy.

- Any drug that is designed to affect appetite or weight gain. AS PER AMENDMENT 9/26/97:

Initiation of any new therapy designed to promote weight gain.

- Any change of antiretroviral or any change in the dosage of antiretroviral/s that had

not been started 30 days pre-entry. AS PER AMENDMENT 9/26/97: Initiation of antiretroviral therapy within 12 weeks of protocol therapy for patients not previously receiving antiretroviral therapy.

- Anabolic hormones.

- Systemic glucocorticoids.

- Cytokine inhibitors.

- Oral contraceptives.

- Cytokines.

- Ketoconazole.

- Any other medication that might interfere with the objectives of this study.

- AS PER AMENDMENT 9/26/97: DHEA.

Patients with the following prior conditions will be excluded:

- Acute systemic opportunistic infections within 30 days prior to entry.

- Weight gain >= 3% as documented by self reporting or clinical records during the

preceding 4 weeks. AS PER AMENDMENT 9/26/97: Enrollment of such patients should be deferred until weight stabilizes.

- History of hypersensitivity reaction to megestrol acetate or testosterone enanthate.

- History of cardiomyopathy or congestive heart failure.

Female patients:

- History of invasive cervical cancer.

- AS PER AMENDMENT 9/26/97: History of thromboemboli.

Prior Medication:

Excluded:

- No testosterone treatment within the previous 8 weeks.

Excluded within 30 days prior to entry:

- Ketoconazole.

- Initiation or change in antiretroviral therapy.

- Interleukins.

- Interferon, anabolic, hormonal or experimental therapies designed to improve appetite

or weight gain (e. g., thalidomide, dronabinol, megestrol acetate, cyproheptadine, anabolic steroids, systemic glucocorticoids, pentoxifylline, or growth hormone).

- AS PER AMENDMENT 9/26/97: Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA).

San Francisco Gen Hosp, San Francisco, California 941102859, United States

UCLA CARE Ctr, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States

Univ of Southern California / LA County USC Med Ctr, Los Angeles, California 900331079, United States

Univ of Colorado Health Sciences Ctr, Denver, Colorado 80262, United States

Howard Univ, Washington, District of Columbia 20059, United States

Queens Med Ctr, Honolulu, Hawaii 96816, United States

Univ of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96816, United States

Northwestern Univ Med School, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States

Indiana Univ Hosp, Indianapolis, Indiana 462025250, United States

Division of Inf Diseases/ Indiana Univ Hosp, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States

Charity Hosp / Tulane Univ Med School, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, United States

Tulane Univ School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, United States

Johns Hopkins Hosp, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States

Beth Israel Deaconess - West Campus, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States

St Louis Regional Hosp / St Louis Regional Med Ctr, St. Louis, Missouri 63112, United States

Mem Sloan - Kettering Cancer Ctr, New York, New York 10021, United States

Cornell Univ Med Ctr, New York, New York 10021, United States

Beth Israel Med Ctr, New York, New York 10003, United States

Duke Univ Med Ctr, Durham, North Carolina 27710, United States

Univ of Pennsylvania at Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States

Julio Arroyo, West Columbia, South Carolina 29169, United States

Click here for more information about Megestrol acetate

Related publications:

Schambelan M, Zackin R, Mulligan K, Sattler FR, Chesney M, Stevens M, Edwards L, Egorin MJ, Von Roenn JH. Effect of testosterone (T) on the response to megesterol acetate (MA) in patients with HIV-associated wasting: a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled trial (ACTG 313). 8th Conf Retro and Opportun Infect. 2001 Feb 4-8 (abstract no 640)

Last updated: June 23, 2005