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Dideoxycytidine ( Ro 24-2027 ) A Randomized, Open-Label, Comparative Study of Dideoxycytidine ( ddC ) Versus Zidovudine ( AZT ) in Patients With AIDS or Advanced ARC Who Have Received Long-Term AZT Therapy.

Information source: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on August 23, 2015
Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.

Condition(s) targeted: HIV Infections

Intervention: Zidovudine (Drug); Zalcitabine (Drug)

Phase: Phase 2

Status: Completed

Sponsored by: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)

Summary

To compare the effectiveness of zalcitabine ( dideoxycytidine; ddC ) therapy to zidovudine ( AZT ) in the treatment of AIDS or advanced AIDS related complex ( ARC ) in patients who have already received at least 1 year of AZT therapy and to define the safety profile. ddC has been shown to have an antiviral effect, and AZT is known to significantly decrease mortality and to reduce the frequency of opportunistic infections in patients with AIDS or advanced ARC. After 1 year of AZT therapy, the effectiveness tends to diminish and patients progress with more opportunistic infections and higher mortality rates. This may be due to the emergence of AZT resistant virus isolated from some patients who have been on long-term AZT therapy. These isolates were still sensitive to ddC. A study of long-term effectiveness of ddC in patients with AIDS or advanced ARC who have been on long-term AZT therapy is warranted because (1) ddC has antiviral activity, (2) there is no blood toxicity associated with taking ddC, and (3) the effectiveness of ddC in test tube studies does not seem to be diminished by decreased effectiveness of AZT.

Clinical Details

Official title: Dideoxycytidine ( Ro 24-2027 ) A Randomized, Open-Label, Comparative Study of Dideoxycytidine ( ddC ) Versus Zidovudine ( AZT ) in Patients With AIDS or Advanced ARC Who Have Received Long-Term AZT Therapy.

Study design: Masking: Open Label, Primary Purpose: Treatment

Detailed description: ddC has been shown to have an antiviral effect, and AZT is known to significantly decrease mortality and to reduce the frequency of opportunistic infections in patients with AIDS or advanced ARC. After 1 year of AZT therapy, the effectiveness tends to diminish and patients progress with more opportunistic infections and higher mortality rates. This may be due to the emergence of AZT resistant virus isolated from some patients who have been on long-term AZT therapy. These isolates were still sensitive to ddC. A study of long-term effectiveness of ddC in patients with AIDS or advanced ARC who have been on long-term AZT therapy is warranted because (1) ddC has antiviral activity, (2) there is no blood toxicity associated with taking ddC, and (3) the effectiveness of ddC in test tube studies does not seem to be diminished by decreased effectiveness of AZT. AMENDED: AZT will be administered orally every 4 or 5 hours. Patients in the second arm discontinue AZT and take ddC as two tablets every 8 hours. Duration of the study is 1 year with interim analysis done at 6 months after 75 percent enrollment and at end of the study. Original design: Patients with AIDS or advanced ARC who have been receiving at least 500 mg/day of AZT for at least 48 weeks are randomized to 1 of 2 treatment arms. Patients in the first treatment arm continue their current dose of AZT.

Eligibility

Minimum age: 13 Years. Maximum age: N/A. Gender(s): Both.

Criteria:

Inclusion Criteria Concurrent Medication: Required:

- Aerosolized pentamidine will be given, as tolerated for all patients, for

Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia prophylaxis at a dose of 300 mg once every 4 weeks. Allowed maintenance treatment with:

- Pyrimethamine (= or < 75 mg/day).

- Sulfadiazine (< 4 gl/day).

- Amphotericin (1 mg/kg/day up to 5 days).

- Fluconazole (400 mg/day).

- Ketoconazole (400 mg/day).

- Acyclovir (up to 12. 4 mg/kg q8h IV for zoster or up to 4000 mg/day will be allowed PO

with precautions - nausea and vomiting possible with doses > 1000 mg/day).

- Ganciclovir (6 mg/kg/day).

- Medications for tuberculosis or Mycobacterium avium for patients who have recovered

from toxoplasmosis, cryptococcosis, candidiasis, herpes virus infections, cytomegalovirus infections, tuberculosis, or Mycobacterium avium intracellulare.

- Erythropoietin and megace as needed.

- Isoniazid if patient has no peripheral neuropathy at study entry and is taking

pyridoxine at least 50 mg/day concomitantly.

- Phenytoin if patient has no peripheral neuropathy at study entry and has been stable

on the drug for at least 3 months. Patients must have had Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) and no other AIDS defining opportunistic infection present when zidovudine (AZT) therapy was first initiated. Patients must have:

- Advanced AIDS related complex (ARC).

- Antibody to HIV by federally licensed ELISA and confirmed by Western blot analysis.

- Ability to give conformed consent.

Exclusion Criteria Co-existing Condition: Patients are excluded who:

- Have had zidovudine (AZT) therapy interrupted for > 30 consecutive days at any time

during AZT therapy or have been off AZT for > 90 days total.

- Have had AZT therapy interrupted for "recurrent" grade 4 toxicity, defined as > one

episode of the same grade 4 toxicity after dose interruption or attenuation.

- Have visceral or extensive Kaposi's sarcoma requiring therapy or any other malignancy

requiring therapy.

- Have a history of peripheral neuropathy.

Concurrent Medication: Excluded:

- Other experimental medications, including foscarnet, ribavirin, and fluconazole

(prior to IND approval).

- Other antiretroviral agents, biologic modifiers or corticosteroids.

- Drugs that can cause peripheral neuropathy including phenytoin (under conditions not

specifically allowed), hydralazine, metronidazole, nitrofurantoin, vincristine, cisplatinum, dapsone, disulfiram, and diethyldithiocarbamate. Patients with the following are excluded:

- History of peripheral neuropathy or moderate to severe peripheral neuropathy as

defined by the combination of signs or symptoms of peripheral neuropathy and findings indicative of peripheral neuropathy on the standardized neurologic exam.

- Active opportunistic infection.

- Participation in another research treatment study.

Prior Medication: Excluded:

- Dideoxycytidine (ddC).

- Didanosine (ddI).

Active substance or alcohol abuse.

Locations and Contacts

Davies Med Ctr, San Francisco, California 94114, United States

Mount Zion Med Ctr, San Francisco, California 94115, United States

Univ of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 331361013, United States

Indiana Univ Hosp, Indianapolis, Indiana 462025250, United States

Tulane Univ School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, United States

Johns Hopkins Hosp, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States

Albany Med College / AIDS Treatment Ctr, Albany, New York 12203, United States

Holmes Hosp / Univ of Cincinnati Med Ctr, Cincinnati, Ohio 452670405, United States

Graduate Hosp, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19146, United States

N Texas Ctr for AIDS & Clin Rsch, Dallas, Texas 75219, United States

Additional Information

Click here for more information about Zidovudine

Related publications:

Fischl MA, Olson RM, Follansbee SE, Lalezari JP, Henry DH, Frame PT, Remick SC, Salgo MP, Lin AH, Nauss-Karol C, Lieberman J, Soo W. Zalcitabine compared with zidovudine in patients with advanced HIV-1 infection who received previous zidovudine therapy. Ann Intern Med. 1993 May 15;118(10):762-9.

Gries JM, Troconiz IF, Verotta D, Jacobson M, Sheiner LB. A pooled analysis of CD4 response to zidovudine and zalcitabine treatment in patients with AIDS and AIDS-related complex. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1997 Jan;61(1):70-82.


Last updated: March 11, 2011

Page last updated: August 23, 2015

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