Pharmacokinetic Study in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease and Healthy Volunteers

Condition(s) targeted: Kidney Disease

Intervention: Propranolol (Drug); Losartan (Drug); Eprosartan (Drug)

Phase: Phase 1

Status: Completed

Sponsored by: University of California, San Francisco

Official(s) and/or principal investigator(s):
Leslie Z Benet, PhD, Principal Investigator, Affiliation: University of California, San Francisco
Lynda Frassetto, MD, Principal Investigator, Affiliation: University of California, San Francisco

The purpose of this study is to find out how chemicals in the blood of patients with chronic kidney disease affect how medications are removed from the body. The patient will take one dose of three different drugs, one on each week, for a total of three single doses. The investigators want to find out if these three different medications are affected in different ways by the chemicals in the blood of patients with kidney disease.

Official title: Pharmacokinetic Study of Propranolol, Losartan, and Eprosartan in Healthy Volunteers and Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease

Study design: Allocation: Non-Randomized, Endpoint Classification: Pharmacokinetics Study, Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment, Masking: Open Label

Primary outcome: Pharmacokinetic parameters

Detailed description: It has been demonstrated that proteins known as drug transporters in different human organs and tissues are important for a drug to be absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and eliminated (ADME)18. The chemical properties of drugs can affect whether it needs a transporter protein to enter the cell or not. It is not well known how these proteins are affected in chronic disease and how different drugs may be absorbed, metabolized, or eliminated differently in certain diseases. Preliminary studies suggest that some drugs (those requiring drug transporter proteins) may show altered elimination in the presence of uremic toxins. Uremic toxins are substances accumulated in the blood of patients with chronic kidney disease and many are not removed through hemodialysis (HD). We hypothesize that the different classes of drugs (BDDCS class1, 2, and 3) will have different degrees of changes in AUC, meaning that for a class 1 drug we would see less of a change in AUC than in a class 3 drug because a class 3 drug requires transporters. Previous studies can't make that comparison because they used different patients for each drug, so even if there were a change in a class 1 drug, it can't be compared to a class 3 drug. In order to get an accurate comparison, we will test the three drugs on the same patient and see how he AUC changes from drug to drug within the same patient comparing it to the healthy volunteer (taking the same three drugs).

Minimum age: 18 Years. Maximum age: 70 Years. Gender(s): Both.

Criteria:

Inclusion Criteria:

- Male or Female 18-70 years of age.

- Healthy volunteers or chronic kidney disease (GFR<40)

- Be able to provide written informed consent and comply with requirements of the

study.

- Avoid eating grapefruit and drinking grapefruit juice from 7 days prior to the first

study day until completion of the study.

- Abstinence from alcoholic beverages, caffeinated beverages and orange juice from 6pm

the night before a study day until completion of the study day.

- Fast from food and beverages at least 8 hours prior to medication dosing.

- Be able to read, speak, and understand English.

Exclusion Criteria:

- Subjects with contraindications to taking the study drugs

- Subjects with known allergies to propranolol, losartan, or eprosartan.

- Subjects who smoke tobacco.

- Subjects with ongoing alcohol or illegal drug use.

- Subjects who are pregnant, lactating, or attempting to conceive.

- Subjects unable to maintain adequate birth control during the study.

- Subjects unable to follow protocol instructions or protocol criteria.

- Subjects with hematocrit < 30mg/dL.

- Subjects who are insulin requiring diabetics.

- Subjects with low, or low normal blood pressure (systolic blood pressure [BP]

<100mmHg)

- Subjects with uncontrolled high blood pressure.

Clinical Reserach Center, UCSF, San Francisco,, California 94143, United States

Related publications:

Bianchetti G, Graziani G, Brancaccio D, Morganti A, Leonetti G, Manfrin M, Sega R, Gomeni R, Ponticelli C, Morselli PL. Pharmacokinetics and effects of propranolol in terminal uraemic patients and in patients undergoing regular dialysis treatment. Clin Pharmacokinet. 1976;1(5):373-84.

Lam JL, Shugarts SB, Okochi H, Benet LZ. Elucidating the effect of final-day dosing of rifampin in induction studies on hepatic drug disposition and metabolism. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2006 Nov;319(2):864-70. Epub 2006 Aug 11.

Lau YY, Okochi H, Huang Y, Benet LZ. Pharmacokinetics of atorvastatin and its hydroxy metabolites in rats and the effects of concomitant rifampicin single doses: relevance of first-pass effect from hepatic uptake transporters, and intestinal and hepatic metabolism. Drug Metab Dispos. 2006 Jul;34(7):1175-81. Epub 2006 Apr 19.

Lau YY, Huang Y, Frassetto L, Benet LZ. effect of OATP1B transporter inhibition on the pharmacokinetics of atorvastatin in healthy volunteers. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2007 Feb;81(2):194-204. Epub 2006 Dec 27.

Guévin C, Michaud J, Naud J, Leblond FA, Pichette V. Down-regulation of hepatic cytochrome p450 in chronic renal failure: role of uremic mediators. Br J Pharmacol. 2002 Dec;137(7):1039-46.

Martin DE, Chapelsky MC, Ilson B, Tenero D, Boike SC, Zariffa N, Jorkasky DK. Pharmacokinetics and protein binding of eprosartan in healthy volunteers and in patients with varying degrees of renal impairment. J Clin Pharmacol. 1998 Feb;38(2):129-37.

Michaud J, Naud J, Chouinard J, Désy F, Leblond FA, Desbiens K, Bonnardeaux A, Pichette V. Role of parathyroid hormone in the downregulation of liver cytochrome P450 in chronic renal failure. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2006 Nov;17(11):3041-8. Epub 2006 Oct 4.

Naud J, Michaud J, Leblond FA, Lefrancois S, Bonnardeaux A, Pichette V. Effects of chronic renal failure on liver drug transporters. Drug Metab Dispos. 2008 Jan;36(1):124-8. Epub 2007 Oct 16.

Nolin TD, Naud J, Leblond FA, Pichette V. Emerging evidence of the impact of kidney disease on drug metabolism and transport. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2008 Jun;83(6):898-903. doi: 10.1038/clpt.2008.59. Epub 2008 Apr 2. Review.

Sica DA, Halstenson CE, Gehr TW, Keane WF. Pharmacokinetics and blood pressure response of losartan in end-stage renal disease. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2000 Jun;38(6):519-26.

Sun H, Huang Y, Frassetto L, Benet LZ. Effects of uremic toxins on hepatic uptake and metabolism of erythromycin. Drug Metab Dispos. 2004 Nov;32(11):1239-46. Epub 2004 Jul 30.

Vanholder R, De Smet R, Glorieux G, Argilés A, Baurmeister U, Brunet P, Clark W, Cohen G, De Deyn PP, Deppisch R, Descamps-Latscha B, Henle T, Jörres A, Lemke HD, Massy ZA, Passlick-Deetjen J, Rodriguez M, Stegmayr B, Stenvinkel P, Tetta C, Wanner C, Zidek W; European Uremic Toxin Work Group (EUTox). Review on uremic toxins: classification, concentration, and interindividual variability. Kidney Int. 2003 May;63(5):1934-43. Review.

Wu CY, Benet LZ. Predicting drug disposition via application of BCS: transport/absorption/ elimination interplay and development of a biopharmaceutics drug disposition classification system. Pharm Res. 2005 Jan;22(1):11-23. Review.

Starting date: March 2010
Last updated: May 28, 2013