Short Term Efficacy and Safety of Perispinal Administration of Etanercept in Mild to Moderate Alzheimer's Disease
Information source: Life Extension Foundation Inc.
ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on August 20, 2015 Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.
Condition(s) targeted: Alzheimer's Disease
Intervention: Etanercept (Biological); Curcum.Luteol.Theaflav.Lip.Acid,FishOil,Quercet.,Resveratr. (Dietary Supplement)
Phase: Phase 1
Status: Active, not recruiting
Sponsored by: Life Extension Foundation Inc. Official(s) and/or principal investigator(s): Paul H. Wand, M.D., Principal Investigator, Affiliation: Paul H. Wand M.D., P.A. Mark L. Brody, M.D., Principal Investigator, Affiliation: Brain Matters Research Inc.
Summary
While the cause of AD is still unknown, evidence suggests it develops because of a complex
series of events in the brain that occur over time. Two pathways possibly involved in
development of AD are inflammation and oxidative stress. Scientists have linked chronic
inflammatory events in the brain with the onset and progression of Alzheimer's Disease.
Oxidative stress has also been implicated in the pathogenesis of a number of neurological
disorders including Alzheimer's Disease.
Etanercept (Enbrel®) is an approved drug for the treatment of several forms of arthritis
when administered by injection. Some research suggests that etanercept, when administered by
injection into the tissues close to the spinal column (perispinally), may modulate certain
aspects of the immune system and provide some beneficial effect for people with Alzheimer's
disease. Studies suggest that supplementation with specific nutrients may also have a
positive effect in support of cognitive function.
This study will be conducted at one research office with volunteers who have been diagnosed
with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease. Each qualifying participant will be randomly
assigned to receive an etanercept injection plus nutritional supplements for 6 weeks
followed by a crossover and a washout period of 4 weeks to then receiving nutritional
supplements alone or vice versa for another 6 weeks.
Participants will undergo blood and urine safety assessments at the beginning and end of
each 6 week treatment period. During 4 of the 6 weekly visits in the treatment period with
the injections, you will complete the cognitive tests twice; once before and once 2 hours
after the injection. During 4 of the 6 weekly visits in the treatment period without the
injections, you will also complete the cognitive tests twice; once before and once 2 hours
after being asked to lie down onto a table for 5 minutes. You will be allowed to continue
your standard of care for Alzheimer's disease throughout your participation in the study.
Clinical Details
Official title: Open Label,Crossover,Pilot Study to Assess the Efficacy & Safety of Perispinal Admin.of Etanercept(Enbrel®) in Comb.w/Nutritional Supplements vs. Nutritional Supplements Alone in Subj. w/Mild to Mod. Alzheimer's Disease Receiving Std. Care.
Study design: Allocation: Randomized, Endpoint Classification: Safety/Efficacy Study, Intervention Model: Crossover Assignment, Masking: Open Label, Primary Purpose: Health Services Research
Primary outcome: Difference in effects of treatment for 6 weeks with etanercept + nutritional supplements versus nutritional supplements alone on the Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE) score.
Secondary outcome: Difference in the effects of treatment for 6 weeks with etanercept + nutritional supplements versus nutritional supplements alone on the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive Subscale (ADAS-cog) score.Difference in the effects of treatment for 6 weeks with etanercept + nutritional supplements versus nutritional supplements alone on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score.
Eligibility
Minimum age: 60 Years.
Maximum age: 85 Years.
Gender(s): Both.
Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:
- Subject is aged 60-85 years
- Subject has a diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease according to the NINCDS- ADRDA
criteria (National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke
NINCDS] and Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Association [ADRDA]).
- Subject is not institutionalized (for example, lives independently, lives
independently in a residential home for the elderly, or is a day patient at a care
center)
- Subject has a Hachinski Ischemia Score of ≤ 4.
- Subject has a total MoCA score of < 26 at screening.
- Subject has an MMSE score of 11 to 24 at screening.
- Subject has an ADAS-cog score of 12 to 25 at screening.
- Subject has experienced a gradual and progressive cognitive decline in the 6 months
before the screening visit.
- Subject provides informed consent to participate in the study or has a legally
acceptable representative who provides consent.
- Subject has a responsible caregiver who consents to supporting the subject in his/her
study participation (for example, by accompanying the subject on each study visit).
- Subject is surgically sterile, agrees to use an acceptable method of birth control as
defined in section 5. 4 or, for females, is post- menopausal.
- Subject agrees to stop taking any vitamin, mineral, or dietary supplements he/she is
currently taking that have any components of the nutritional supplements utilized in
the study at least 7 days before randomization (Visit 2) and agrees to not use any
new vitamin, mineral, or dietary supplement product other than those provided by the
investigator until after the subject is discharged from the study.
Exclusion Criteria:
- A neurologic disorder, such as seizures, multiple sclerosis, neurodegenerative
disorders (eg, Parkinson's disease), or dementia other than Alzheimer's type
(including that caused by small strokes or cerebrovascular disease)
- Cognitive impairment from any condition other than Alzheimer's disease, such as that
resulting from acute cerebral trauma, cerebral damage due to a lack of oxygen,
infections such as meningitis or AIDS, significant endocrine or metabolic disease,
mental retardation, or a brain tumor
- Cardiovascular or cerebrovascular disease, such as congestive heart failure,
uncontrolled hypertension (BP ≥ 140/90 mmHg at screening), and a history of stroke
- Renal impairment/disease, defined as serum creatinine > 1. 5 mg/dL
- Hepatic impairment, defined as Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) or Aspartate
Aminotransferase (AST) > 3 times the upper limit of normal OR has a history of a
positive blood screen for hepatitis B surface antigen or hepatitis C antibody.
- Type I or II diabetes mellitus
- Significant or uncontrolled psychiatric disease
- Gastrointestinal disease, such as active peptic ulcer, gallstones, gallbladder
disease, or biliary tract obstruction, or a history of cholecystectomy
- Hematologic disorders
- Pulmonary or lung disorders
- Immune system disorder, such as HIV/AIDS
- History of cancer within 10 years before screening (except localized skin cancer
without metastases or in situ cervical cancer)
- History of chronic or recurrent infection (including tuberculosis) OR, in the 7 days
before Visit 2 (randomization), any known infection or body temperature > 38. 6Âş C
(101. 5Âş F)
- Subject is pregnant or breastfeeding at screening.
- Subject has intolerance or allergy to Enbrel®, latex, or any of Enbrel's components.
- Subject is currently consuming more than 6 standard alcoholic beverages a week. A
standard alcoholic beverage is defined as 12 ounces of beer, 5 ounces of wine, or 1. 5
ounces of liquor.
- Subject is currently taking and unable or unwilling to stop taking anticoagulant or
antiplatelet herbs and supplements such as angelica, clove, danshen, garlic, ginger,
ginkgo, Panax ginseng, red clover, or willow for at least 7 days before the
randomization visit (Visit 2) and throughout the study.
- Subject is currently taking and unable or unwilling to stop taking any of the
prohibited medications in protocol section 5. 3.2 for at least 7 days before the
randomization visit (Visit 2) and throughout the study.
- Subject had major surgery within the 4 weeks before screening.
- Subject has any condition or abnormality that, in the opinion of the investigator,
would compromise the safety of the subject or the quality of the study data.
- Subject is participating or has participated in another research study within 30 days
before the screening visit
- Subject or subject's caregiver is unable or unwilling to comply with the study
procedures.
Locations and Contacts
Paul H. Wand M.D., P.A., Coral Springs, Florida 33065, United States
Brain Matters Research, Delray Beach, Florida 33445, United States
Additional Information
Related publications: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention website. CDC Features: Alzheimer's Disease. http://www.cdc.gov/Features/Alzheimers/. 12-15-2008. 6-23-2009. Mrak RE, Griffin WS. Interleukin-1, neuroinflammation, and Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging. 2001 Nov-Dec;22(6):903-8. Review. Alzheimer's Disease Education & Referral (ADEAR) Center, National Institutes of Health. Alzheimer's Disease Fact Sheet. 2008. Mrak RE, Griffin WS. Glia and their cytokines in progression of neurodegeneration. Neurobiol Aging. 2005 Mar;26(3):349-54. Review. Tarkowski E, Andreasen N, Tarkowski A, Blennow K. Intrathecal inflammation precedes development of Alzheimer's disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2003 Sep;74(9):1200-5. McGeer PL, McGeer EG. Local neuroinflammation and the progression of Alzheimer's disease. J Neurovirol. 2002 Dec;8(6):529-38. Review. Kaur C, Ling EA. Antioxidants and neuroprotection in the adult and developing central nervous system. Curr Med Chem. 2008;15(29):3068-80. Review. Tobinick E, Gross H, Weinberger A, Cohen H. TNF-alpha modulation for treatment of Alzheimer's disease: a 6-month pilot study. MedGenMed. 2006 Apr 26;8(2):25. Tarkowski E, Liljeroth AM, Minthon L, Tarkowski A, Wallin A, Blennow K. Cerebral pattern of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in dementias. Brain Res Bull. 2003 Aug 15;61(3):255-60. Review. Laws SM, Perneczky R, Wagenpfeil S, Müller U, Förstl H, Martins RN, Kurz A, Riemenschneider M. TNF polymorphisms in Alzheimer disease and functional implications on CSF beta-amyloid levels. Hum Mutat. 2005 Jul;26(1):29-35. Tobinick EL, Gross H. Rapid improvement in verbal fluency and aphasia following perispinal etanercept in Alzheimer's disease. BMC Neurol. 2008 Jul 21;8:27. doi: 10.1186/1471-2377-8-27. Becker RE. Modifying clinical trial designs to test treatments for clinical significance in individual patients. Clin Drug Invest 2001:21:727-733. Griffin WS. Perispinal etanercept: potential as an Alzheimer therapeutic. J Neuroinflammation. 2008 Jan 10;5:3. doi: 10.1186/1742-2094-5-3. Tobinick E. Perispinal etanercept for neuroinflammatory disorders. Drug Discov Today. 2009 Feb;14(3-4):168-77. doi: 10.1016/j.drudis.2008.10.005. Epub 2008 Dec 6. Review. Tobinick E. Perispinal etanercept for treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Curr Alzheimer Res. 2007 Dec;4(5):550-2. Review. Tobinick EL. A critique of intradiscal administration for treatment of radiculopathy. Anesthesiology. 2008 Feb;108(2):334; author reply 335. doi: 10.1097/01.anes.0000300072.56020.10. Tobinick E. Perispinal etanercept produces rapid improvement in primary progressive aphasia: identification of a novel, rapidly reversible TNF-mediated pathophysiologic mechanism. Medscape J Med. 2008 Jun 10;10(6):135. Chainani-Wu N. Safety and anti-inflammatory activity of curcumin: a component of tumeric (Curcuma longa). J Altern Complement Med. 2003 Feb;9(1):161-8. Review. Pendurthi UR, Williams JT, Rao LV. Inhibition of tissue factor gene activation in cultured endothelial cells by curcumin. Suppression of activation of transcription factors Egr-1, AP-1, and NF-kappa B. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 1997 Dec;17(12):3406-13. Antony S, Kuttan R, Kuttan G. Immunomodulatory activity of curcumin. Immunol Invest. 1999 Sep-Dec;28(5-6):291-303. Jobin C, Bradham CA, Russo MP, Juma B, Narula AS, Brenner DA, Sartor RB. Curcumin blocks cytokine-mediated NF-kappa B activation and proinflammatory gene expression by inhibiting inhibitory factor I-kappa B kinase activity. J Immunol. 1999 Sep 15;163(6):3474-83. Lim GP, Chu T, Yang F, Beech W, Frautschy SA, Cole GM. The curry spice curcumin reduces oxidative damage and amyloid pathology in an Alzheimer transgenic mouse. J Neurosci. 2001 Nov 1;21(21):8370-7. Yang F, Lim GP, Begum AN, Ubeda OJ, Simmons MR, Ambegaokar SS, Chen PP, Kayed R, Glabe CG, Frautschy SA, Cole GM. Curcumin inhibits formation of amyloid beta oligomers and fibrils, binds plaques, and reduces amyloid in vivo. J Biol Chem. 2005 Feb 18;280(7):5892-901. Epub 2004 Dec 7. Ueda H, Yamazaki C, Yamazaki M. Luteolin as an anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic constituent of Perilla frutescens. Biol Pharm Bull. 2002 Sep;25(9):1197-202. Xagorari A, Papapetropoulos A, Mauromatis A, Economou M, Fotsis T, Roussos C. Luteolin inhibits an endotoxin-stimulated phosphorylation cascade and proinflammatory cytokine production in macrophages. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2001 Jan;296(1):181-7. Rezai-Zadeh K, Douglas Shytle R, Bai Y, Tian J, Hou H, Mori T, Zeng J, Obregon D, Town T, Tan J. Flavonoid-mediated presenilin-1 phosphorylation reduces Alzheimer's disease beta-amyloid production. J Cell Mol Med. 2009 Mar;13(3):574-88. doi: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2008.00344.x. Epub 2008 Apr 9. Erratum in: J Cell Mol Med. 2009 May;13(5):1001. Borchers AT, Sakai S, Henderson GL, Harkey MR, Keen CL, Stern JS, Terasawa K, Gershwin ME. Shosaiko-to and other Kampo (Japanese herbal) medicines: a review of their immunomodulatory activities. J Ethnopharmacol. 2000 Nov;73(1-2):1-13. Review. Lo CJ, Chiu KC, Fu M, Lo R, Helton S. Fish oil decreases macrophage tumor necrosis factor gene transcription by altering the NF kappa B activity. J Surg Res. 1999 Apr;82(2):216-21. Lukiw WJ, Cui JG, Marcheselli VL, Bodker M, Botkjaer A, Gotlinger K, Serhan CN, Bazan NG. A role for docosahexaenoic acid-derived neuroprotectin D1 in neural cell survival and Alzheimer disease. J Clin Invest. 2005 Oct;115(10):2774-83. Yano M, Kishida E, Iwasaki M, Kojo S, Masuzawa Y. Docosahexaenoic acid and vitamin E can reduce human monocytic U937 cell apoptosis induced by tumor necrosis factor. J Nutr. 2000 May;130(5):1095-101. Calder PC. Immunomodulation by omega-3 fatty acids. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. 2007 Nov-Dec;77(5-6):327-35. Epub 2007 Nov 26. Review. Venkatraman JT, Chu WC. Effects of dietary omega-3 and omega-6 lipids and vitamin E on serum cytokines, lipid mediators and anti-DNA antibodies in a mouse model for rheumatoid arthritis. J Am Coll Nutr. 1999 Dec;18(6):602-13. Caughey GE, Mantzioris E, Gibson RA, Cleland LG, James MJ. The effect on human tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin 1 beta production of diets enriched in n-3 fatty acids from vegetable oil or fish oil. Am J Clin Nutr. 1996 Jan;63(1):116-22. James MJ, Gibson RA, Cleland LG. Dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids and inflammatory mediator production. Am J Clin Nutr. 2000 Jan;71(1 Suppl):343S-8S. Review. Kotani S, Sakaguchi E, Warashina S, Matsukawa N, Ishikura Y, Kiso Y, Sakakibara M, Yoshimoto T, Guo J, Yamashima T. Dietary supplementation of arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acids improves cognitive dysfunction. Neurosci Res. 2006 Oct;56(2):159-64. Epub 2006 Aug 14. Freund-Levi Y, Eriksdotter-Jönhagen M, Cederholm T, Basun H, Faxén-Irving G, Garlind A, Vedin I, Vessby B, Wahlund LO, Palmblad J. Omega-3 fatty acid treatment in 174 patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer disease: OmegAD study: a randomized double-blind trial. Arch Neurol. 2006 Oct;63(10):1402-8. Rosen WG, Terry RD, Fuld PA, Katzman R, Peck A. Pathological verification of ischemic score in differentiation of dementias. Ann Neurol. 1980 May;7(5):486-8.
Starting date: February 2010
Last updated: May 27, 2015
|