The Effects of Valproic Acid on Zidovudine Glucuronidation and Pharmacokinetics in HIV-Infected Patients.
Information source: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on August 23, 2015 Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.
Condition(s) targeted: HIV Infections
Intervention: Valproic acid (Drug); Zidovudine (Drug)
Phase: Phase 1
Status: Completed
Sponsored by: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) Official(s) and/or principal investigator(s): Lertora JJL, Study Chair
Summary
Primary objective: To study the pharmacokinetic interaction between zidovudine (AZT) and
valproic acid in asymptomatic HIV-infected patients, characterizing AZT's oral
bioavailability, plasma elimination half-time, plasma levels, and urinary excretion of AZT,
5'-O-glucuronide (GAZT), and 3'-amino-3'-deoxythymidine (AMT). Secondary objective: To
establish the safety of short-term administration of AZT and valproic acid in combination
with regard to hematologic parameters and liver function in asymptomatic HIV-infected
patients.
Preliminary studies using human liver tissue have shown that valproic acid inhibits the
metabolic inactivation of zidovudine (AZT), which may prolong the plasma half-life of AZT
and thus prolong the duration of the drug's effects in the body.
Clinical Details
Official title: The Effects of Valproic Acid on Zidovudine Glucuronidation and Pharmacokinetics in HIV-Infected Patients.
Study design: Endpoint Classification: Pharmacokinetics Study, Masking: Open Label, Primary Purpose: Treatment
Detailed description:
Preliminary studies using human liver tissue have shown that valproic acid inhibits the
metabolic inactivation of zidovudine (AZT), which may prolong the plasma half-life of AZT
and thus prolong the duration of the drug's effects in the body.
Six asymptomatic HIV-infected patients are treated with AZT orally every 8 hours on days 1
through 4, then with a single dose on day 5 (after 8 hours of fasting), followed by
pharmacokinetic sampling. On days 6 through 9, patients receive AZT orally every 8 hours in
combination with valproic acid (lowest dose in the first 5 patients and a higher dose in
patients 6 and 7) orally every 8 hours. On day 10, AZT and 1 of the 2 doses of valproic acid
are given orally as single doses, followed by pharmacokinetic sampling. AZT is continued
alone orally every 8 hours on days 11 through 14, then resumed at the patient's usual dose
beginning on day 15. Per 03/09/92 amendment, dosing schedule may be modified slightly to
accommodate patients with scheduling conflicts.
Eligibility
Minimum age: 18 Years.
Maximum age: 50 Years.
Gender(s): Male.
Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria
Concurrent Medication:
Allowed:
Vitamins if already being taken prior to start of therapy.
Patients must have:
- Asymptomatic HIV infection.
- CD4 count between 300 and 650.
Prior Medication:
Required:
- AZT at doses between 500 and 1200 mg/day for at least 6 weeks prior to enrollment.
Allowed:
- Aspirin, Tylenol, or ibuprofen up to 48 hours prior to start of therapy.
Exclusion Criteria
Co-existing Condition:
Patients with the following symptoms or conditions are excluded:
- Positive Hepatitis B surface antigen or clinical evidence of chronic active hepatitis
of any type.
- Signs or symptoms of HIV infection including oral candidiasis, history of
multidermatomal zoster, unexplained weight loss in excess of 10 percent body weight
in the past 6 months, chronic diarrhea, or history of AIDS-defining opportunistic
infections.
Concurrent Medication:
Excluded:
- Concomitant medications (other than AZT) for the 14 days prior to start of therapy.
Patients with the following prior conditions are excluded:
- History of AZT intolerance including hematologic, hepatic, and/or neurologic
toxicity.
- History of seizures.
- History of any antiepileptics within the past 10 years.
- History of abnormal bleeding or intrinsic or extrinsic coagulopathy.
- Signs or symptoms of HIV infection including oral candidiasis, history of
multidermatomal zoster, unexplained weight loss in excess of 10 percent body weight
in the past 6 months, chronic diarrhea, or history of AIDS-defining opportunistic
infections.
Prior Medication:
Excluded:
- Antiepileptics within the past 10 years.
- Prior valproic acid.
- Concomitant medications (other than AZT) within 14 days of enrollment.
Locations and Contacts
Tulane Univ Med School, New Orleans, Louisiana 701122699, United States
Additional Information
Click here for more information about Zidovudine
Related publications: Lertora J, Akula S, Greenspan D, Rege A, Agrawal K, George W, Hyslop N. Valproic acid inhibits zidovudine glucuronidation in patients with HIV infection. Int Conf AIDS. 1992 Jul 19-24;8(3):100 (abstract no PuB 7307) Lertora JJ, Rege AB, Greenspan DL, Akula S, George WJ, Hyslop NE Jr, Agrawal KC. Pharmacokinetic interaction between zidovudine and valproic acid in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1994 Sep;56(3):272-8.
Last updated: July 29, 2008
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