Fondaparinux as Monotherapy for DVT and/or Pulmonary Embolism
Information source: Brigham and Women's Hospital
ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on August 20, 2015 Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.
Condition(s) targeted: Deep Vein Thrombosis; Pulmonary Embolism
Intervention: Fondaparinux (Drug)
Phase: N/A
Status: Completed
Sponsored by: Brigham and Women's Hospital Official(s) and/or principal investigator(s): Samuel Z. Goldhaber, MD, Principal Investigator, Affiliation: Brigham and Women's Hospital
Summary
To determine whether fondaparinux as monotherapy without warfarin is effective and safe for
long-term (90 days) treatment of DVT and/or PE, thus gaining new long-term experience and
data using fondaparinux.
Clinical Details
Official title: Fondaparinux as Monotherapy for Deep Vein Thrombosis and/or Pulmonary Embolism (Pilot Study)
Study design: Allocation: Non-Randomized, Endpoint Classification: Safety/Efficacy Study, Intervention Model: Single Group Assignment, Masking: Open Label, Primary Purpose: Treatment
Primary outcome: Recurrent acute symptomatic DVT confirmed by venous ultrasound and/or CT scanRecurrent acute symptomatic PE confirmed by chest CT scan Major hemorrhage defined as spinal, retroperitoneal or intracranial bleeding, drop in hemoglobin ≥2g/dl or transfusion ≥2U or surgical or medical intervention, death related to bleeding
Secondary outcome: Comparison of Day Zero, 6 week, and Day 90 platelet counts, renal function, hematocrit and transaminase level
Detailed description:
Background and Significance:
Warfarin is usually prescribed to manage long-term anticoagulation of deep vein thrombosis
(DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE). However about 5% of patients are unable to tolerate
warfarin or to be safely or effectively anticoagulated. Some of the reasons for
discontinuing warfarin anticoagulation and switching patients to parenteral anticoagulation
are as follows:
1. Recurrent venous thromboembolism despite anticoagulation with warfarin
2. Clinically important bleeding complications due to warfarin
3. Inability to achieve target International Normalized Ratio (INR) on warfarin
4. Nonbleeding side effects of warfarin, such as hair loss or rash.
These patients who cannot tolerate or respond adequately to warfarin are usually managed
with "off-label" twice-daily enoxaparin injections as monotherapy. The approved duration of
treatment of DVT and PE with fondaparinux is 5 to 9 days as a "bridge" to warfarin. Until
now, no studies have investigated the use of fondaparinux for more than 26 days for the
treatment of PE and more than 10 days for the treatment of DVT.
Treatment doses of twice-daily enoxaparin are only Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
approved for 5 to 14 days for "bridging" for the treatment of acute DVT and/or PE patients
to warfarin.
Fondaparinux is a synthetic antithrombotic agent with specific anti-factor Xa activity. Its
pharmacokinetic properties allow for a simple, fixed-dose, once daily regimen of
subcutaneous injection, without the need for dose adjustment based on laboratory monitoring.
Fondaparinux is available only in 3 treatment doses and is prescribed once every 24 hours
based on patient's weight: 5 mg for patients weighing less than 50 kg, 7. 5 mg for patients
weighing between 50 to 100 kg, and 10 mg for patients weighing more than 100 kg and is
available in prefilled syringes. Also, fondaparinux does not cross react with
heparin-induced platelet antibodies, and heparin-induced thrombocytopenia has never been
documented with fondaparinux.
The MATISSE Investigators showed that once-daily, subcutaneous administration of
fondaparinux for at least 5 days and until 2 consecutive INRs were greater than 2. 0 as a
"bridge" to warfarin is at least as effective and safe as adjusted-dose, intravenous
administration of unfractionated heparin as a "bridge" to warfarin in the initial treatment
of hemodynamically stable patients with pulmonary embolism. During the 3-month follow up, 42
of the 1103 patients randomly assigned to receive fondaparinux (3. 8 percent) had recurrent
thromboembolic events, as compared with 56 of the 1110 patients randomly assigned to receive
unfractionated heparin (5. 0 percent). Major bleeding occurred in 1. 3 percent of the patients
treated with fondaparinux and 1. 1 percent of those treated with unfractionated heparin.
Mortality rates at three months were similar in the two groups.
In another randomized double-blinded trial by the MATISSE Investigators, patients were
randomized to fondaparinux once daily versus enoxaparin twice daily for at least 5 days and
until 2 consecutive INRs were greater than 2. 0 as a "bridge" to warfarin for initial
treatment of acute symptomatic DVT. Fondaparinux was found to be as effective and safe as
twice-daily enoxaparin during the 3-month follow up period. 43 (3. 9%) of 1098 patients
randomly assigned to fondaparinux had recurrent thromboembolic events compared with 45
(4. 1%) of 1107 patients randomly assigned to enoxaparin. Major bleeding occurred in 1. 1% of
patients receiving fondaparinux and 1. 2% of patients receiving enoxaparin. Mortality rates
were 3. 8% and 3. 0%, respectively.
These two MATISSE trial totaled 4418 patients and led to the FDA approval of fondaparinux in
the treatment of acute symptomatic DVT and PE as a "bridge" to warfarin.
In this investigator-initiated trial, we will conduct a cohort study with once daily
fondaparinux as monotherapy without warfarin for 90-day management of DVT and/or PE in
patients who are unable to tolerate or respond adequately to warfarin.
Research Design and Methods:
This is a cohort study with a sample size of 30 patients at Brigham and Women's Hospital
with history of DVT and/or PE who are intolerant to warfarin or not responding to warfarin.
During the study there will be 3 visits at day zero, week 6, and at day 90. Patients will
be monitored closely for any bleeding complications.
During these visits, blood will be drawn for platelet counts, renal function, hematocrit,
and transaminase level.
Primary endpoints
1. Recurrent acute symptomatic DVT confirmed by venous ultrasound and/or CT scan
2. Recurrent acute symptomatic PE confirmed by chest CT scan
3. Major hemorrhage defined as spinal, retroperitoneal or intracranial bleeding, drop in
hemoglobin ≥2g/dl or transfusion ≥2U or surgical or medical intervention, death related
to bleeding
Secondary endpoints
Comparison of Day Zero, 6 week, and Day 90 platelet counts, renal function, hematocrit and
transaminase level
Drug Dose:
Patients enrolled in the study will receive a weight-based dose of fondaparinux as
monotherapy for 90 days for the treatment of DVT and/or PE.
Weight < 50 kg - 5 mg daily Weight 50 - 100 kg - 7. 5 mg daily Weight > 100 kg - 10 mg daily
Biostatistical Analysis:
Descriptive statistics will be performed using age, gender, and indication for long-term
anticoagulation.
Eligibility
Minimum age: 18 Years.
Maximum age: N/A.
Gender(s): Both.
Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:
1. Recurrent venous thromboembolism despite anticoagulation with warfarin(Or)
2. Clinically important bleeding complications due to warfarin(Or)
3. Inability to achieve the target INR on warfarin(Or)
4. Nonbleeding side effects of warfarin, such as hair loss, rash, purple toe
syndrome(Or)
5. Patient with cancer on monotherapy with parenteral anticoagulation for DVT and/ or PE
and
6. Require at least 90 days of anticoagulation
7. Require anticoagulation for objectively confirmed DVT and/or PE
8. Age greater than 18 years
9. Written informed consent
Exclusion Criteria:
1. Patients with renal insufficiency, defined as creatinine > 1. 5 mg/dl
2. Patients in whom anticoagulation with any agent is deemed unsafe due to bleeding
risk.
3. Pregnancy
4. Known hypersensitivity to fondaparinux
Locations and Contacts
Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
Additional Information
North American Thrombosis Forum
Related publications: Petitou M, Duchaussoy P, Herbert JM, Duc G, El Hajji M, Branellec JF, Donat F, Necciari J, Cariou R, Bouthier J, Garrigou E. The synthetic pentasaccharide fondaparinux: first in the class of antithrombotic agents that selectively inhibit coagulation factor Xa. Semin Thromb Hemost. 2002 Aug;28(4):393-402. Review. Büller HR, Davidson BL, Decousus H, Gallus A, Gent M, Piovella F, Prins MH, Raskob G, van den Berg-Segers AE, Cariou R, Leeuwenkamp O, Lensing AW; Matisse Investigators. Subcutaneous fondaparinux versus intravenous unfractionated heparin in the initial treatment of pulmonary embolism. N Engl J Med. 2003 Oct 30;349(18):1695-702. Erratum in: N Engl J Med. 2004 Jan 22;350(4):423. Büller HR, Davidson BL, Decousus H, Gallus A, Gent M, Piovella F, Prins MH, Raskob G, Segers AE, Cariou R, Leeuwenkamp O, Lensing AW; Matisse Investigators. Fondaparinux or enoxaparin for the initial treatment of symptomatic deep venous thrombosis: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med. 2004 Jun 1;140(11):867-73.
Starting date: April 2006
Last updated: February 2, 2009
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