Gossypol (AT-101) and Temozolomide With or Without Radiation Therapy in Treating Patients With Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma Multiforme

Condition(s) targeted: Brain and Central Nervous System Tumors

Intervention: R-(-)-gossypol (Drug); temozolomide (Drug); adjuvant therapy (Procedure); gene expression analysis (Procedure); laboratory biomarker analysis (Procedure); mutation analysis (Procedure); pharmacological study (Procedure); protein expression analysis (Procedure); radiation therapy (Procedure)

Phase: Phase 1

Status: Recruiting

Sponsored by: National Cancer Institute (NCI)

Official(s) and/or principal investigator(s):
John Fiveash, MD, Study Chair, Affiliation: Lurleen Wallace Comprehensive Cancer at University of Alabama-Birmingham

RATIONALE: Drugs used in chemotherapy, such as gossypol and temozolomide, work in different ways to stop the growth of tumor cells, either by killing the cells or by stopping them from dividing. Radiation therapy uses high-energy x-rays to kill tumor cells. Gossypol may help temozolomide work better by making tumor cells more sensitive to the drug. Gossypol may also make tumor cells more sensitive to radiation therapy. Giving gossypol and temozolomide together with radiation therapy may kill more tumor cells.

PURPOSE: This phase I trial is studying the side effects and best dose of gossypol when given together with temozolomide with or without radiation therapy in treating patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma multiforme.

Official title: A Phase I, Open Label Study of AT-101 Plus Radiotherapy and Temozolomide and of AT-101 Plus Adjuvant Temozolomide for Patients With Newly-Diagnosed Glioblastoma Multiforme

Study design: Treatment, Non-Randomized, Open Label

Primary outcome: Maximum tolerated dose

Secondary outcome:

Toxicity

Pharmacokinetic profile of gossypol

Therapeutic activity

Cellular and molecular outcomes (intratumoral expression levels of biomarkers, including Bcl-2 family protein expression [e.g., Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, MCl-1, Bax, Bak, BH3 domain], MGMT gene methylation status, and gene expression array)

Detailed description: OBJECTIVES:

Primary

- Determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of gossypol (AT-101) when administered with

radiotherapy (RT) and concurrent temozolomide (TMZ) in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma multiforme.

- Determine the MTD of gossypol when administered with adjuvant TMZ after standard RT and

concurrent TMZ in these patients.

Secondary

- Assess the toxicity of these treatment regimens.

- Assess and describe the pharmacokinetics of gossypol.

- Determine, preliminarily, the therapeutic activities of these regimens.

- Determine the relationship between these regimens and cellular and molecular features

identified in tumor biopsy specimens.

OUTLINE: This is a multicenter, open-label, nonrandomized, dose-escalation study of gossypol. Patients are assigned to 1 of 2 treatment groups. Patients who participate in group I are NOT eligible for group II.

- Group I: Patients receive oral gossypol and undergo radiotherapy once daily 5 days a

week for up to 6 weeks. Patients also receive oral temozolomide once daily for up to 6 weeks. Treatment continues in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.

- Group II: Patients receive oral temozolomide on days 1-5 and oral gossypol once daily on

days 1-21. Treatment repeats every 28 days for up to 6 courses in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.

Cohorts of 3-10 patients per treatment group receive escalating doses of gossypol until the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) is determined. The MTD is defined as the dose at which 2 of 6 or 3 of 10 patients experience dose-limiting toxicity.

Patients undergo blood collection periodically for pharmacokinetic studies. Tumor tissue samples are examined for biomarkers including, but not limited to, Bcl-2 family protein expression (e. g., Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, MCl-1, Bax, Bak, and BH3 domain), MGMT gene methylation status, and gene expression array.

After completion of study treatment, patients are followed every 2 months.

PROJECTED ACCRUAL: A total of 50 patients will be accrued for this study.

Minimum age: 18 Years. Maximum age: N/A. Gender(s): Both.

Criteria:

DISEASE CHARACTERISTICS:

- Histologically confirmed supratentorial grade IV astrocytoma (glioblastoma

multiforme)

- Meets 1 of the following criteria:

- Completed surgery within the past 6 weeks (group I)

- Received radiotherapy and concomitant temozolomide at least 4 weeks but no more

than 7 weeks prior to start of study treatment (group II)

- Must be on a stable corticosteroid regimen (no increase for 5 days)

PATIENT CHARACTERISTICS:

- Karnofsky performance status 60-100%

- Hemoglobin ≥ 10 g/dL

- Absolute neutrophil count ≥ 1,500/mm³

- Platelet count ≥ 100,000/mm³

- Creatinine ≤1. 5 mg/dL

- Bilirubin ≤ 1. 5 mg/dL

- ALT and AST ≤ 2. 5 times upper limit of normal

- Not pregnant or nursing

- Negative pregnancy test

- Fertile patients must use effective contraception during and for 2 months after

completion of study treatment

- Mini Mental State Exam score ≥ 15

- Must be able to swallow and retain oral medication

- No serious concurrent infection or medical illness that would preclude study

participation

- No other malignancy within the past 5 years, except for curatively treated carcinoma

in situ or basal cell carcinoma of the skin

- No sensory neuropathy ≥ grade 2

- No allergies to gossypol

- No symptomatic hypercalcemia or hypercalcemia > grade 2

- No gastrointestinal disease including any of the following:

- Malabsorption syndrome

- Disease significantly affecting gastrointestinal function

- Ulcerative colitis

- Inflammatory bowel disease

- Partial or complete small bowel obstruction

PRIOR CONCURRENT THERAPY:

- See Disease Characteristics

- Recovered from the immediate postoperative period

- No prior radiotherapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, therapy with biologic agents

(including immunotoxins, immunoconjugates, antisense agents, peptide-receptor antagonists, interferons, interleukins, tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte therapy, lymphokine-activated killer cells or gene therapy), or hormonal therapy for this brain tumor (group I)

- Prior glucocorticoid therapy allowed

- No prior polifeprosan 20 with carmustine implant (Gliadel wafers) (group I)

- No prior gossypol

- No prior radiosurgery or brachytherapy

- No prior resection of the stomach or small intestine

- No other concurrent anticancer therapy (i. e., chemotherapeutics or investigational

agents)

- No concurrent cytochrome p450 enzyme-inducing anticonvulsant drugs

- No concurrent prophylactic filgrastim (G-CSF)

- No concurrent iron supplements

- Nutritional supplements containing iron allowed

- No concurrent intensity-modulated radiotherapy

- No concurrent electron, particle, implant, or stereotactic radiosurgery boost

Lurleen Wallace Comprehensive Cancer at University of Alabama - Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, United States; Recruiting
John Fiveash, MD, Phone: 205-934-1432

H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute at University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33612-9497, United States; Recruiting
Clinical Trials Office - H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Rese, Phone: 800-456-7121, Email: canceranswers@moffitt.usf.edu

Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States; Recruiting
Jeffrey J. Olson, MD, Phone: 404-778-5770

Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland 21231-2410, United States; Recruiting
Clinical Trials Office - Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Ce, Phone: 410-955-8804, Email: jhcccro@jhmi.edu

Josephine Ford Cancer Center at Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States; Recruiting
Tom Mikkelsen, MD, Phone: 313-916-8641, Email: nstom@neuro.hfh.edu

Wake Forest University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157-1096, United States; Recruiting
Clinical Trials Office - Wake Forest University Comprehensive, Phone: 336-713-6771

Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, United States; Recruiting
Gene H. Barnett, MD, Phone: 216-444-5381, Email: barnett@neus.ccf.org

Abramson Cancer Center of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-4283, United States; Recruiting
Clinical Trials Office - Abramson Cancer Center of the Univers, Phone: 800-474-9892

Clinical trial summary from the National Cancer Institute's PDQ® database

Starting date: February 2007
Last updated: May 23, 2008