TRIMETHOPRIM SUMMARY
TRIMETHOPRIM
Tablets USP
Revised: April 2000
Rx Only
Trimethoprim is a synthetic antibacterial available in tablet form for oral administration.
Trimethoprim (trimethoprim) is indicated for the following:
To reduce the development of drug-resistant bacteria and maintain the effectiveness of Trimethoprim Tablets USP and other antibacterial drugs, Trimethoprim Tablets USP should be used only to treat or prevent infections that are proven or strongly suspected to be caused by susceptible bacteria. When culture and susceptibility information are available, they should be considered in selecting or modifying antibacterial therapy. In the absence of such data, local epidemiology and susceptibility patterns may contribute to the empiric selection of therapy.
For the treatment of initial episodes of uncomplicated urinary tract infections due to susceptible strains of the following organisms: Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter species, and coagulase-negative Staphylococcus species, including S. saprophyticus.
Cultures and susceptibility tests should be performed to determine the susceptibility of the bacteria to trimethoprim. Therapy may be initiated prior to obtaining the results of these tests.
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NEWS HIGHLIGHTSMedia Articles Related to Trimethoprim
Health Tip: What Causes Urinary Tract Infections in Women?
Source: MedicineNet Itch Specialty [2009.11.12]
Title: Health Tip: What Causes Urinary Tract Infections in Women?
Category: Health News
Created: 11/12/2009 8:10:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 11/12/2009
Urinary Tract Infection (UTI In Adults)
Source: MedicineNet Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Specialty [2009.10.30]
Title: Urinary Tract Infection (UTI In Adults)
Category: Diseases and Conditions
Created: 12/31/1997
Last Editorial Review: 10/30/2009
Study Suggests Increased Risk of Birth Defects With UTI Treatments (CME/CE)
Source: MedPage Today OB/Gyn [2009.11.02]
Although most antibiotics are safe for pregnant women, two preferred classes of drugs for urinary tract infections were associated with significant, life-threatening birth defects, according to a CDC study.
Published Studies Related to Trimethoprim
Trimethoprim as Adjuvant Treatment in Schizophrenia: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial. [2009.06.16]
Various infectious agents, such as Toxoplasma gondii, have been hypothesized to be potentially relevant etiological factors in the onset of some cases of schizophrenia. We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled treatment trial in an attempt to explore the hypothesis that the symptoms of schizophrenia may be related to infection of the central nervous system with toxoplasma gondii...
Effect of long-term trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole treatment on resistance and integron prevalence in the intestinal flora: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in children. [2009.05]
OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole selects for integron-positive and multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in the intestinal flora... CONCLUSIONS: Initially, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole usage was strongly associated with the appearance of integron-positive (multi)drug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in the intestinal flora. After prolonged exposure to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, however, this population of Enterobacteriaceae was substituted by a population with non-integron-associated resistance mechanisms. After trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole was discontinued, susceptibility rates to all antibiotics returned to baseline levels.
Trimethoprim as Adjuvant Treatment in Schizophrenia: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial. [2009.02.04]
Various infectious agents, such as Toxoplasma gondii, have been hypothesized to be potentially relevant etiological factors in the onset of some cases of schizophrenia. We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled treatment trial in an attempt to explore the hypothesis that the symptoms of schizophrenia may be related to infection of the central nervous system with toxoplasma gondii...
Cranberry or trimethoprim for the prevention of recurrent urinary tract infections? A randomized controlled trial in older women. [2009.02]
OBJECTIVES: To compare the effectiveness of cranberry extract with low-dose trimethoprim in the prevention of recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs) in older women... CONCLUSIONS: Trimethoprim had a very limited advantage over cranberry extract in the prevention of recurrent UTIs in older women and had more adverse effects. Our findings will allow older women with recurrent UTIs to weigh up with their clinicians the inherent attractions of a cheap, natural product like cranberry extract whose use does not carry the risk of antimicrobial resistance or super-infection with Clostridium difficile or fungi.
A multicenter comparison of polymyxin B sulfate/trimethoprim ophthalmic solution and moxifloxacin in the speed of clinical efficacy for the treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis. [2008.11]
PURPOSE: To compare the speed of clinical efficacy for two currently available topical antibiotics: polymyxin B sulfate/trimethoprim (polymyxin/trimethoprim) and 0.5% moxifloxacin ophthalmic solution... CONCLUSION: Moxifloxacin 0.5% administered three times daily is safe and cures bacterial conjunctivitis more effectively and significantly faster than polymyxin/trimethoprim dosed four times daily. The majority of patients were cured and symptom-free by 48 hours. Therefore, moxifloxacin is cost-effective and significantly more efficacious than polymyxin/trimethoprim in the speed by which it reduces the symptoms and disease transmission.
Clinical Trials Related to Trimethoprim
A Phase III Comparative Study of Dapsone / Trimethoprim and Clindamycin / Primaquine Versus Sulfamethoxazole / Trimethoprim in the Treatment of Mild-to-Moderate PCP in Patients With AIDS [Completed]
To evaluate the effectiveness of two oral treatments for mild to moderate Pneumocystis
carinii pneumonia (PCP): dapsone/trimethoprim or clindamycin/primaquine as compared to a
standard treatment program of sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (SMX/TMP) to assess the tolerance
of these two alternative treatments as compared to the standard treatment of SMX/TMP. Per
09/09/92 amendment, to assess the efficacy and tolerance of these two alternative treatments
in patients who are intolerant to SMX/TMP.
The type of treatment being studied has the advantages of wide applicability throughout the
world (including developing countries) and low cost. An oral treatment is more accessible to
patients than drugs given by injection or by inhalation.
The Efficacy of Trimethoprim in Wound Healing of Patients With Epidermolysis Bullosa [Completed]
The purpose of this study is to assess the efficacy of trimethoprim in promoting wound
healing and decreasing blister formation in patients with Epidermolysis Bullosa.
Trimetrexate Plus Leucovorin Calcium Rescue Versus Sulfamethoxazole-Trimethoprim in the Treatment of Pneumocystis Carinii Pneumonia (PCP) in Patients With AIDS [Completed]
To compare the safety and effectiveness of an investigational drug therapy (trimetrexate plus
leucovorin calcium) with that of conventional therapy (sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim) in the
treatment of moderately severe Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) in patients who have
AIDS, are HIV positive, or are at high risk for HIV infection. New treatments are needed to
reduce the mortality rate from PCP in AIDS patients and to reduce the high relapse rate found
after conventional therapy. Trimetrexate (TMTX) was chosen for this trial because it was
found to be much more potent than sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (SMX/TMP) against the PCP
organism in laboratory tests. Also TMTX, in combination with leucovorin (LCV), did not cause
severe toxicity in a preliminary trial. It is believed that TMTX will be more effective in
treating PCP and in preventing a recurrence of PCP.
A Comparison of Dapsone and Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole in the Treatment of Pneumocystis Carinii Pneumonia (PCP) in Patients With AIDS [Completed]
Evaluate the effectiveness rate of dapsone plus trimethoprim as a therapy for the first
episode of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) in AIDS patients. Compare the rates and
severity of adverse effects using dapsone versus trimethoprim - sulfamethoxazole (TMP /
PurposeX). Establish relative toxicities with regard to suitability for outpatient
treatment.
Gradual Initiation of Sulfamethoxazole/Trimethoprim as Primary Pneumocystis Carinii Pneumonia Prophylaxis [Completed]
To determine whether gradual initiation of sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (SMX/TMP) reduces
the incidence of treatment-limiting adverse reactions compared to the routine initiation of
the drugs for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) prophylaxis in HIV-infected patients.
Although a number of clinical trials have demonstrated the superiority of SMX/TMP for PCP
prophylaxis, the incidence of adverse reactions to this medication is high. In a pilot study
in which patients were initiated with SMX/TMP prophylaxis by gradually increasing the dose
over 2 weeks, no significant adverse reactions have occurred.
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