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Tham (Tromethamine) - Summary

 
 



THAM SUMMARY

Tham Solution (tromethamine injection) is a sterile, non-pyrogenic 0.3 M solution of tromethamine, adjusted to a pH of approximately 8.6 with glacial acetic acid. It is administered by intravenous injection, by addition to ACD blood for priming cardiac bypass equipment and by injection into the ventricular cavity during cardiac arrest. Each 100 mL contains tromethamine 3.6 g (30 mEq) in water for injection. The solution is hypertonic 389 mOsmol/L (calc.). pH 8.6 (8.4-8.7). The solution contains no bacteriostat, antimicrobial agent or added buffer (except acetic acid for pH adjustment) and is intended only for use as a single-dose injection. When smaller doses are required the unused portion should be discarded. Tham solution is a parenteral systemic alkalizer and fluid replenisher.

Tham Solution (tromethamine injection) is indicated for the prevention and correction of metabolic acidosis. In the following conditions it may help to sustain vital functions and thus provide time for treatment of the primary disease:

  1. Metabolic Acidosis Associated with Cardiac Bypass Surgery.

    Tham Solution has been found to be primarily beneficial in correcting metabolic acidosis which may occur during or immediately following cardiac bypass surgical procedures.

  2. Correction of Acidity of ACD Blood in Cardiac Bypass Surgery.

    It is well known that ACD blood is acidic and becomes more acidic on storage. Tromethamine effectively corrects this acidity. Tham Solution may be added directly to the blood used to prime the pump-oxygenator. When ACD blood is brought to a normal pH range the patient is spared an initial acid load. Additional tromethamine may be indicated during cardiac bypass surgery should metabolic acidosis appear.

  3. Metabolic Acidosis Associated with Cardiac Arrest.

    Acidosis is nearly always one of the consequences of cardiac arrest and, in some instances, may even be a causative factor in arrest. It is important therefore, that the correction of acidosis should be started promptly with other resuscitative efforts. By correcting acidosis, Tham Solution (tromethamine injection) has caused the arrested heart to respond to resuscitative efforts after standard methods alone had failed. In these cases, tromethamine was given intraventricularly. It is to be noted, however, that such precariously ill patients often have died subsequently of causes unrelated to the administration of tromethamine. With administration by the peripheral venous route, metabolic acidosis has been corrected in a majority of patients. The success in reinstitution of cardiac rhythm by this means probably has not been of the same order of magnitude as with the intraventricular route.


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NEWS HIGHLIGHTS

Published Studies Related to Tham (Tromethamine)

Ketorolac tromethamine: stereo-specific pharmacokinetics and single-dose use in postoperative infants aged 2-6 months. [2011.03]
OBJECTIVE: We determined the postoperative pharmacokinetics (PK), safety, and analgesic effects of ketorolac in 14 infants (aged <6 months) receiving a single intravenous (IV) administration of racemic ketorolac or placebo. BACKGROUND: Information on the PK of ketorolac in infants is limited. Unblinded studies suggest ketorolac may be useful in infants... CONCLUSION: Stereo-isomer-specific clearance of ketorolac in infants (aged 2-6 months) shows rapid elimination of the analgesic S (-) isomer as reported in infants aged 6-18 months. No adverse effects were seen after a single IV ketorolac dose. (c) 2010 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

Ketorolac tromethamine LS 0.4% versus nepafenac 0.1% in patients having cataract surgery. Prospective randomized double-masked clinical trial. [2007.11]
PURPOSE: To compare the clinical, subjective, and objective outcomes of the use of 2 topical nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs--ketorolac tromethamine LS 0.4% (Acular) and nepafenac 0.1% (Nevanac)--in patients having cataract surgery. SETTING: Single-center private practice, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA... CONCLUSION: Ketorolac tromethamine was statistically significantly better than nepafenac in terms of patient satisfaction, compliance, and postoperative pain control.

Preoperative ketorolac tromethamine 0.4% in phacoemulsification outcomes: pharmacokinetic-response curve. [2006.09]
PURPOSE: To assess the clinical benefit, relative efficacy, and pharmacokinetic-response curve of preoperative and postoperative ketorolac tromethamine 0.4% (Acular LS) to improve outcomes during and after cataract surgery. SETTING: Private clinical practice... CONCLUSION: The preoperative use of ketorolac tromethamine 0.4% for 3 days followed by 1-day of predosing provided optimum efficacy and superior outcomes relative to 1-hour pretreatment and a placebo.

Evaluation of 0.4% ketorolac tromethamine ophthalmic solution versus 0.5% ketorolac tromethamine ophthalmic solution after phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation. [2006.08]
PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness and patient tolerance of 0.4% ketorolac tromethamine ophthalmic solution and 0.5% ketorolac tromethamine ophthalmic solution after routine phacoemulsification and lens implantation. Setting: The setting for this study was the Storm Eye Institute and Magill Research Center for Vision Correction, Medical University of South Carolina (Charleston, SC)... CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with 0.4% ketorolac tromethamine ophthalmic solution is as effective as 0.5% ketorolac tromethamine ophthalmic solution in reducing inflammation after routine cataract surgery. Patients reported less discomfort using 0.4% ketorolac.

Comparison of prednisolone 1%, rimexolone 1% and ketorolac tromethamine 0.5% after cataract extraction: a prospective, randomized, double-masked study. [2005.08]
PURPOSE: To compare the efficacy, safety and patient comfort of two topical steroids (prednisolone 1% and rimexolone 1%) and a topical non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (ketorolac tromethamine 0.5%) after extracapsular cataract extraction... CONCLUSIONS: Ketorolac tromethamine provides good control of intraocular inflammation after cataract extraction without the risk of a steroidal IOP increase, which was also not observed under rimexolone therapy. The best surface inflammation control and patient comfort was observed with prednisolone, which remains a good choice.

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Clinical Trials Related to Tham (Tromethamine)

Early Aggressive Correction of Severe Acidosis With Tris-hydroxymethylaminomethane (THAM) [Recruiting]
This study involved the medical record review of resuscitation records for all severely-injured trauma patients requiring emergent surgical intervention and significant acidosis from 2005 through 2009.

Tolerability, Safety and Pharmacokinetics of Four Formulations of Ketorolac Tromethamine in Healthy Volunteers [Completed]
This was a phase 1, double-blind, 4-way crossover study in healthy male and female volunteers. Subjects received 4 formulations of intranasal ketorolac tromethamine 30 mg. There was a wash-out period of 3-7 days between each dose. On Day 1 of each period subjects were randomised to receive either a single intranasal dose of 30 mg ketorolac tromethamine alone or single intranasal dose of 30 mg ketorolac tromethamine with 4%, 5% or 6% lidocaine hydrochloride. At the end of the study each subject had received all 4 treatments. The primary objective of this study in healthy volunteers was to compare the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of 4 formulations of ketorolac tromethamine. A secondary objective was to monitor lidocaine hydrochloride plasma levels.

The Pharmacokinetics of Ketorolac Tromethamine Administered Intranasally (IN) for Postoperative Pain in Children Aged 12 Through 17 Years [Completed]
This was an open-label PK study in pediatric subjects who had undergone general surgery. Each subject's study participation consisted of a screening visit, a single-dose treatment with intranasal ketorolac (IN) tromethamine, and a follow-up visit. Following surgery, subjects received IN ketorolac 15 mg (weight < 50 kg) or 30 mg (weight > or = 50 kg) when pain relief was indicated. For pain not relieved by the study drug, the subjects had access to an opioid analgesic administered by patient-controlled analgesia (PCA). Blood samples for pharmacokinetic analysis were obtained at specified time points following the dose of ketorolac.

Open Label Study to Assess the Pharmacokinetics of Intranasal Ketorolac Tromethamine Following Fluticasone Propionate in Healthy Subjects [Completed]
This was a non-randomized, open label study in healthy male and female volunteers. A single intranasal dose of 30 mg ketorolac tromethamine was administered to all subjects on Days 1 and 6; in addition, subjects received a daily intranasal dose of 200 µg fluticasone propionate on Days 2-6. Subjects remained resident in the Clinical Unit from the evening of Day 1 until the morning of Day 2 and from the evening of Day 5 until the morning of Day 7, and made ambulatory visits to the Clinical Unit on the morning of Days 3-5. A post study medical was performed within 7 days of study completion. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of chronic administration of fluticasone propionate on the pharmacokinetics of intranasal ketorolac in healthy male and female subjects.

Dexketoprofen Trometamol in Postoperative Endodontic Pain [Completed]
The purpose of this study is to investigate the analgesic efficacy of multiple doses of Dexketoprofen Trometamol 25 mg on postoperative pain following emergency endodontic treatment in teeth with irreversible pulpitis, using as control Ibuprofen 600 mg and a placebo group. Hypothesis: Dexketoprofen trometamol when administered in multiple doses produces a greater effect to control postoperative pain after treating symptomatic irreversible pulpitis; in patients undergoing pulpotomy as an emergency procedure

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Page last updated: 2011-12-09

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