DrugLib.com — Drug Information Portal

Rx drug information, pharmaceutical research, clinical trials, news, and more

Scandonest (Mepivacaine Hydrochloride Subcutaneous) - Description and Clinical Pharmacology

 
 



SCANDONEST® 3% PLAIN
(Mepivacaine hydrochloride injection, USP)
SCANDONEST® 2% L
(WITH LEVONORDEFRIN 1:20,000)
(Mepivacaine hydrochloride and Levonordefrin injection, USP)

Rx only

THESE SOLUTIONS ARE INTENDED FOR DENTAL USE ONLY.

Description

Mepivacaine hydrochloride, a tertiary amide used as a local anesthetic, is 1-methyl-2', 6'-pipecoloxylidide monohydrochloride with the following structural formula:

C15 H22 N2O. HCL                                                                        M.W. 282.81

It is a white, crystalline, odorless powder soluble in water, but very resistant to both acid and alkaline hydrolysis.

Levonordefrin, a sympathomimetic amine used as a vasoconstrictor in local anesthetic solutions, is (-)-a-(1- Aminoethyl)- 3, 4-dihydroxybenzyl alcohol with the following structural formula:

C9 H13 NO3                                                                                 M.W. 183.21

It is a white or buff-colored crystalline solid, freely soluble in aqueous solutions of mineral acids, but practically insoluble in water;

DENTAL CARTRIDGES MAY NOT BE AUTOCLAVED.

SCANDONEST 3% PLAIN (mepivacaine hydrochloride injection 3%) and SCANDONEST 2% L (mepivacaine hydrochloride 2% with levonordefrin 1:20,000 injection) are sterile solutions for injection.

Composition

Cartridge
Each mL contains:2%3%
Mepivacaine hydrochloride20     mg30 mg
Levonordefrin0.05 mg-
Sodium chloride4      mg  6 mg
Potassium metabisulfite1.2   mg
Edetate disodium0.25 mg
Sodium hydroxide q.s. ad pH
Hydrochloric acid
0.5   mg
Water for injections q.s. ad1      mL  1 mL

The pH of the 2% cartridge solution is adjusted between 3.3 and 5.5 with NaOH.

The pH of the 3% cartridge solution is adjusted between 4.5 and 6.8 with NaOH.

Clinical Pharmacology

SCANDONEST stabilizes the neuronal membrane and prevents the initiation and transmission of nerve impulses, thereby effecting local anesthesia.

SCANDONEST is rapidly metabolized, with only a small percentage of the anesthetic (5 to 10 percent) being excreted unchanged in the urine. SCANDONEST, because of its amide structure, is not detoxified by the circulating plasma esterases. The liver is the principal site of metabolism, with over 50 percent of the administered dose being excreted into the bile as metabolites. Most of the metabolized mepivacaine is probably resorbed in the intestine and then excreted into the urine since only a small percentage is found in the feces. The principal route of excretion is via the kidney. Most of the anesthetic and its metabolites are eliminated within 30 hours. It has been shown that hydroxylation and N-demethylation, which are detoxification reactions, play important roles in the metabolism of the anesthetic. Three metabolites of mepivacaine have been identified from adult humans: two phenols, which are excreted almost exclusively as their glucuronide conjugates, and the N-demethylated compound (2', 6'-pipecoloxylidide).

The onset of action is rapid (30 to 120 seconds in the upper jaw; 1 to 4 minutes in the lower jaw) and SCANDONEST 3% PLAIN will ordinarily provide operating anesthesia of 20 minutes in the upper jaw and 40 minutes in the lower jaw.

SCANDONEST 2% L with levonordefrin 1:20,000 provides anesthesia of longer duration for more prolonged procedures, 1 hour to 2.5 hours in the upper jaw and 2.5 hours to 5.5 hours in the lower jaw.

SCANDONEST does not ordinarily produce irritation or tissue damage.

Levonordefrin is a sympathomimetic amine used as a vasoconstrictor in local anesthetic solutions. It has pharmacologic activity similar to that of epinephrine but it is more stable than epinephrine. In equal concentrations, levonordefrin is less potent than epinephrine in raising blood pressure, and as a vasoconstrictor.

-- advertisement -- The American Red Cross
 
Home | About Us | Contact Us | Site usage policy | Privacy policy

All Rights reserved - Copyright DrugLib.com, 2006-2017