ADVERSE REACTIONS
The following adverse reactions are discussed in greater detail in other sections of the labeling:
-
•cardiac conduction abnormalities [see Warnings and Precautions
]
-
•rash [see Warnings and Precautions
]
-
•hyperbilirubinemia [see Warnings and Precautions
]
-
•nephrolithiasis and cholelithiasis [see Warnings and Precautions
]
Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice.
Clinical Trial Experience in Adults
Treatment-Emergent Adverse Reactions in Treatment-Naive Patients
The safety profile of REYATAZ in treatment-naive adults is based on 1625 HIV-1 infected patients in clinical trials. 536 patients received REYATAZ 300 mg with ritonavir 100 mg and 1089 patients received REYATAZ 400 mg or higher (without ritonavir).
The most common adverse reactions are nausea, jaundice/scleral icterus, and rash.
Selected clinical adverse reactions of moderate or severe intensity reported in ≥2% of treatment-naive patients receiving combination therapy including REYATAZ 300 mg with ritonavir 100 mg and REYATAZ 400 mg (without ritonavir) are presented in Tables 4 and 5, respectively.
Table 4: Selected Treatment-Emergent Adverse Reactionsa of Moderate or Severe Intensity Reported in ≥2% of Adult Treatment-Naive Patients,b Study AI424-138
|
96 weeksc
|
96 weeksc
|
|
REYATAZ 300 mg with ritonavir
100 mg (once daily) and tenofovir
with emtricitabined
|
lopinavir 400 mg with ritonavir
100 mg (twice daily) and tenofovir
with emtricitabined
|
|
(n=441)
|
(n=437)
|
* None reported in this treatment arm.
a Includes events of possible, probable, certain, or unknown relationship to treatment regimen.
b Based on the regimen containing REYATAZ.
c Median time on therapy.
d As a fixed-dose combination: 300 mg tenofovir, 200 mg emtricitabine once daily. |
Digestive System
|
|
|
Nausea
|
4%
|
8%
|
Jaundice/scleral icterus
|
5%
|
*
|
Diarrhea
|
2%
|
12%
|
Skin and Appendages
|
|
|
Rash
|
3%
|
2%
|
Table 5: Selected Treatment-Emergent Adverse Reactionsa of Moderate or Severe Intensity Reported in ≥2% of Adult Treatment-Naive Patients,b Studies AI424-034, AI424-007, and AI424-008
|
Study AI424-034
|
Studies AI424-007, -008
|
64 weeksc
REYATAZ 400 mg once daily + lamivudine + zidovudinee
|
64 weeksc
efavirenz 600 mg once daily + lamivudine + zidovudinee
|
120 weeksc,d
REYATAZ 400 mg once daily + stavudine + lamivudine or didanosine
|
73 weeksc,d
nelfinavir 750 mg TID or 1250 mg BID + stavudine + lamivudine or didanosine
|
(n=404)
|
(n=401)
|
(n=279)
|
(n=191)
|
Body as a Whole
|
Headache
|
6%
|
6%
|
1%
|
2%
|
Digestive System
|
Nausea
|
14%
|
12%
|
6%
|
4%
|
Jaundice/scleral icterus
|
7%
|
*
|
7%
|
*
|
Vomiting
|
4%
|
7%
|
3%
|
3%
|
Abdominal pain
|
4%
|
4%
|
4%
|
2%
|
Diarrhea
|
1%
|
2%
|
3%
|
16%
|
Nervous System
|
Insomnia
|
3%
|
3%
|
<1%
|
*
|
Dizziness
|
2%
|
7%
|
<1%
|
*
|
Peripheral neurologic symptoms
|
<1%
|
1%
|
4%
|
3%
|
Skin and Appendages
|
Rash
|
7%
|
10%
|
5%
|
1%
|
* None reported in this treatment arm.
a Includes events of possible, probable, certain, or unknown relationship to treatment regimen.
b Based on regimens containing REYATAZ.
c Median time on therapy.
d Includes long-term follow-up.
e As a fixed-dose combination: 150 mg lamivudine, 300 mg zidovudine twice daily.
Treatment-Emergent Adverse Reactions in Treatment-Experienced Patients
The safety profile of REYATAZ in treatment-experienced adults is based on 119 HIV-1 infected patients in clinical trials.
The most common adverse reactions are jaundice/scleral icterus and myalgia.
Selected clinical adverse reactions of moderate or severe intensity reported in ≥2% of treatment-experienced patients receiving REYATAZ/ritonavir are presented in Table 6.
Table 6: Selected Treatment-Emergent Adverse Reactionsa of Moderate or Severe Intensity Reported in ≥2% of Adult Treatment-Experienced Patients,b Study AI424-045
|
48 weeksc
REYATAZ/ritonavir 300/100 mg
once daily + tenofovir + NRTI
|
48 weeksc
lopinavir/ritonavir 400/100 mg
twice dailyd + tenofovir + NRTI
|
(n=119)
|
(n=118)
|
Body as a Whole
|
Fever
|
2%
|
*
|
Digestive System
|
Jaundice/scleral icterus
|
9%
|
*
|
Diarrhea
|
3%
|
11%
|
Nausea
|
3%
|
2%
|
Nervous System
|
Depression
|
2%
|
<1%
|
Musculoskeletal System
|
Myalgia
|
4%
|
*
|
* None reported in this treatment arm.
a Includes events of possible, probable, certain, or unknown relationship to treatment regimen.
b Based on the regimen containing REYATAZ.
c Median time on therapy.
d As a fixed-dose combination.
Laboratory Abnormalities in Treatment-Naive Patients
The percentages of adult treatment-naive patients treated with combination therapy including REYATAZ (atazanavir sulfate) 300 mg with ritonavir 100 mg and REYATAZ 400 mg (without ritonavir) with Grade 3–4 laboratory abnormalities are presented in Tables 7 and 8, respectively.
Table 7: Grade 3–4 Laboratory Abnormalities Reported in ≥2% of Adult Treatment-Naive Patients,a Study AI424-138
a Based on the regimen containing REYATAZ.
b Median time on therapy.
c ULN = upper limit of normal.
d As a fixed-dose combination: 300 mg tenofovir, 200 mg emtricitabine once daily. |
Variable
|
Limitc
|
96 weeksb
|
96 weeksb
|
REYATAZ 300 mg
with ritonavir 100 mg
(once daily) and tenofovir
with emtricitabined
|
lopinavir 400 mg
with ritonavir 100 mg
(twice daily) and tenofovir
with emtricitabined
|
(n=441)
|
(n=437)
|
Chemistry
|
High
|
|
|
SGOT/AST
|
≥5.1 × ULN
|
3%
|
1%
|
SGPT/ALT
|
≥5.1 × ULN
|
3%
|
2%
|
Total Bilirubin
|
≥2.6 × ULN
|
44%
|
<1%
|
Lipase
|
≥2.1 × ULN
|
2%
|
2%
|
Creatine Kinase
|
≥5.1 × ULN
|
8%
|
7%
|
Total Cholesterol
|
≥240 mg/dL
|
11%
|
25%
|
Hematology
|
Low
|
|
|
Neutrophils
|
<750 cells/mm3
|
5%
|
2%
|
Table 8: Grade 3–4 Laboratory Abnormalities Reported in ≥2% of Adult Treatment-Naive Patients,a Studies AI424-034, AI424-007, and AI424-008
Variable
|
Limitd
|
Study AI424-034
|
Studies AI424-007, -008
|
64 weeksb
|
64 weeksb
|
120 weeksb,c
|
73 weeksb,c
|
REYATAZ
400 mg
once daily
+ lamivudine
+ zidovudinee
|
efavirenz
600 mg
once daily
+ lamivudine
+ zidovudinee
|
REYATAZ
400 mg
once daily
+ stavudine
+ lamivudine or
+ stavudine
+ didanosine
|
nelfinavir
750 mg TID or
1250 mg BID
+ stavudine
+ lamivudine or
+ stavudine
+ didanosine
|
(n=404)
|
(n=401)
|
(n=279)
|
(n=191)
|
Chemistry
|
High
|
|
SGOT/AST
|
≥5.1 × ULN
|
2%
|
2%
|
7%
|
5%
|
SGPT/ALT
|
≥5.1 × ULN
|
4%
|
3%
|
9%
|
7%
|
Total Bilirubin
|
≥2.6 × ULN
|
35%
|
<1%
|
47%
|
3%
|
Amylase
|
≥2.1 × ULN
|
*
|
*
|
14%
|
10%
|
Lipase
|
≥2.1 × ULN
|
<1%
|
1%
|
4%
|
5%
|
Creatine Kinase
|
≥5.1 × ULN
|
6%
|
6%
|
11%
|
9%
|
Total Cholesterol
|
≥240 mg/dL
|
6%
|
24%
|
19%
|
48%
|
Triglycerides
|
≥751 mg/dL
|
<1%
|
3%
|
4%
|
2%
|
Hematology
|
Low
|
|
Hemoglobin
|
<8.0 g/dL
|
5%
|
3%
|
<1%
|
4%
|
Neutrophils
|
<750 cells/mm3
|
7%
|
9%
|
3%
|
7%
|
* None reported in this treatment arm.
a Based on regimen(s) containing REYATAZ.
b Median time on therapy.
c Includes long-term follow-up.
d ULN = upper limit of normal.
e As a fixed-dose combination: 150 mg lamivudine, 300 mg zidovudine twice daily.
Laboratory Abnormalities in Treatment-Experienced Patients
The percentages of adult treatment-experienced patients treated with combination therapy including REYATAZ/ritonavir with Grade 3–4 laboratory abnormalities are presented in Table 9.
Table 9: Grade 3–4 Laboratory Abnormalities Reported in ≥2% of Adult Treatment-Experienced Patients, Study AI424-045a
Variable
|
Limitc
|
48 weeksb
|
48 weeksb
|
REYATAZ/ritonavir
300/100 mg once daily
+ tenofovir + NRTI
|
lopinavir/ritonavir
400/100 mg twice dailyd
+ tenofovir + NRTI
|
(n=119)
|
(n=118)
|
Chemistry
|
High
|
|
SGOT/AST
|
≥5.1 × ULN
|
3%
|
3%
|
SGPT/ALT
|
≥5.1 × ULN
|
4%
|
3%
|
Total Bilirubin
|
≥2.6 × ULN
|
49%
|
<1%
|
Lipase
|
≥2.1 × ULN
|
5%
|
6%
|
Creatine Kinase
|
≥5.1 × ULN
|
8%
|
8%
|
Total Cholesterol
|
≥240 mg/dL
|
25%
|
26%
|
Triglycerides
|
≥751 mg/dL
|
8%
|
12%
|
Glucose
|
≥251 mg/dL
|
5%
|
<1%
|
Hematology
|
Low
|
|
Platelets
|
<50,000 cells/mm3
|
2%
|
3%
|
Neutrophils
|
<750 cells/mm3
|
7%
|
8%
|
a Based on regimen(s) containing REYATAZ.
b Median time on therapy.
c ULN = upper limit of normal.
d As a fixed-dose combination.
Lipids, Change from Baseline in Treatment-Naive Patients
For Study AI424-138 and Study AI424-034, changes from baseline in LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, total cholesterol, and triglycerides are shown in Tables 10 and 11, respectively.
Table 10: Lipid Values, Mean Change from Baseline, Study AI424-138
|
REYATAZ/ritonavira,b
|
lopinavir/ritonavirb,c
|
Baseline
|
Week 48
|
Week 96
|
Baseline
|
Week 48
|
Week 96
|
mg/dL
|
mg/dL
|
Changed
|
mg/dL
|
Changed
|
mg/dL
|
mg/dL
|
Changed
|
mg/dL
|
Changed
|
(n=428e)
|
(n=372e)
|
(n=372e)
|
(n=342e)
|
(n=342e)
|
(n=424e)
|
(n=335e)
|
(n=335e)
|
(n=291e)
|
(n=291e)
|
a REYATAZ 300 mg with ritonavir 100 mg once daily with the fixed-dose combination: 300 mg tenofovir, 200 mg emtricitabine once daily.
b Values obtained after initiation of serum lipid-reducing agents were not included in these analyses. At baseline, serum lipid-reducing agents were used in 1% in the lopinavir/ritonavir treatment arm and 1% in the REYATAZ/ritonavir arm. Through Week 48, serum lipid-reducing agents were used in 8% in the lopinavir/ritonavir treatment arm and 2% in the REYATAZ/ritonavir arm. Through Week 96, serum lipid-reducing agents were used in 10% in the lopinavir/ritonavir treatment arm and 3% in the REYATAZ/ritonavir arm.
c Lopinavir 400 mg with ritonavir 100 mg twice daily with the fixed-dose combination 300 mg tenofovir, 200 mg emtricitabine once daily.
d The change from baseline is the mean of within-patient changes from baseline for patients with both baseline and Week 48 or Week 96 values and is not a simple difference of the baseline and Week 48 or Week 96 mean values, respectively.
e Number of patients with LDL-cholesterol measured.
f Fasting.
|
LDL-Cholesterolf
|
92
|
105
|
+14%
|
105
|
+14%
|
93
|
111
|
+19%
|
110
|
+17%
|
HDL-Cholesterolf
|
37
|
46
|
+29%
|
44
|
+21%
|
36
|
48
|
+37%
|
46
|
+29%
|
Total Cholesterolf
|
149
|
169
|
+13%
|
169
|
+13%
|
150
|
187
|
+25%
|
186
|
+25%
|
Triglyceridesf
|
126
|
145
|
+15%
|
140
|
+13%
|
129
|
194
|
+52%
|
184
|
+50%
|
Table 11: Lipid Values, Mean Change from Baseline, Study AI424-034
|
REYATAZa,b
|
efavirenzb,c
|
Baseline
|
Week 48
|
Week 48
|
Baseline
|
Week 48
|
Week 48
|
mg/dL
|
mg/dL
|
Changed
|
mg/dL
|
mg/dL
|
Changed
|
(n=383e)
|
(n=283e)
|
(n=272e)
|
(n=378e)
|
(n=264e)
|
(n=253e)
|
LDL-Cholesterolf
|
98
|
98
|
+1%
|
98
|
114
|
+18%
|
HDL-Cholesterol
|
39
|
43
|
+13%
|
38
|
46
|
+24%
|
Total Cholesterol
|
164
|
168
|
+2%
|
162
|
195
|
+21%
|
Triglyceridesf
|
138
|
124
|
−9%
|
129
|
168
|
+23%
|
a REYATAZ 400 mg once daily with the fixed-dose combination: 150 mg lamivudine, 300 mg zidovudine twice daily.
b Values obtained after initiation of serum lipid-reducing agents were not included in these analyses. At baseline, serum lipid-reducing agents were used in 0% in the efavirenz treatment arm and <1% in the REYATAZ arm. Through Week 48, serum lipid-reducing agents were used in 3% in the efavirenz treatment arm and 1% in the REYATAZ arm.
c Efavirenz 600 mg once daily with the fixed-dose combination: 150 mg lamivudine, 300 mg zidovudine twice daily.
d The change from baseline is the mean of within-patient changes from baseline for patients with both baseline and Week 48 values and is not a simple difference of the baseline and Week 48 mean values.
e Number of patients with LDL-cholesterol measured.
f Fasting.
Lipids, Change from Baseline in Treatment-Experienced Patients
For Study AI424-045, changes from baseline in LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, total cholesterol, and triglycerides are shown in Table 12. The observed magnitude of dyslipidemia was less with REYATAZ/ritonavir than with lopinavir/ritonavir. However, the clinical impact of such findings has not been demonstrated.
Table 12: Lipid Values, Mean Change from Baseline, Study AI424-045
|
REYATAZ/ritonavira,b
|
lopinavir/ritonavirb,c
|
Baseline
|
Week 48
|
Week 48
|
Baseline
|
Week 48
|
Week 48
|
mg/dL
|
mg/dL
|
Changed
|
mg/dL
|
mg/dL
|
Changed
|
(n=111e)
|
(n=75e)
|
(n=74e)
|
(n=108e)
|
(n=76e)
|
(n=73e)
|
LDL-Cholesterolf
|
108
|
98
|
−10%
|
104
|
103
|
+1%
|
HDL-Cholesterol
|
40
|
39
|
−7%
|
39
|
41
|
+2%
|
Total Cholesterol
|
188
|
170
|
−8%
|
181
|
187
|
+6%
|
Triglyceridesf
|
215
|
161
|
−4%
|
196
|
224
|
+30%
|
a REYATAZ 300 mg once daily + ritonavir + tenofovir + 1 NRTI.
b Values obtained after initiation of serum lipid-reducing agents were not included in these analyses. At baseline, serum lipid-reducing agents were used in 4% in the lopinavir/ritonavir treatment arm and 4% in the REYATAZ/ritonavir arm. Through Week 48, serum lipid-reducing agents were used in 19% in the lopinavir/ritonavir treatment arm and 8% in the REYATAZ/ritonavir arm.
c Lopinavir/ritonavir (400/100 mg) BID + tenofovir + 1 NRTI.
d The change from baseline is the mean of within-patient changes from baseline for patients with both baseline and Week 48 values and is not a simple difference of the baseline and Week 48 mean values.
e Number of patients with LDL-cholesterol measured.
f Fasting.
Clinical Trial Experience in Pediatric Patients
The safety and tolerability of REYATAZ Capsules with and without ritonavir have been established in pediatric patients at least 6 years of age from the open-label, multicenter clinical trial PACTG 1020A. Use of REYATAZ in pediatric patients less than 6 years of age is under investigation.
The safety profile of REYATAZ in pediatric patients (6 to less than 18 years of age) was generally similar to that observed in clinical studies of REYATAZ in adults. The most common Grade 2–4 adverse events (≥5%, regardless of causality) reported in pediatric patients were cough (21%), fever (18%), jaundice/scleral icterus (15%), rash (14%), vomiting (12%), diarrhea (9%), headache (8%), peripheral edema (7%), extremity pain (6%), nasal congestion (6%), oropharyngeal pain (6%), wheezing (6%), and rhinorrhea (6%). Asymptomatic second-degree atrioventricular block was reported in <2% of patients. The most common Grade 3–4 laboratory abnormalities occurring in pediatric patients were elevation of total bilirubin (≥3.2 mg/dL, 58%), neutropenia (9%), and hypoglycemia (4%). All other Grade 3–4 laboratory abnormalities occurred with a frequency of less than 3%.
Patients Co-infected With Hepatitis B and/or Hepatitis C Virus
Liver function tests should be monitored in patients with a history of hepatitis B or C.
In study AI424-138, 60 patients treated with REYATAZ/ritonavir 300 mg/100 mg once daily, and 51 patients treated with lopinavir/ritonavir 400 mg/100 mg twice daily, each with fixed dose tenofovir-emtricitabine, were seropositive for hepatitis B and/or C at study entry. ALT levels >5 times ULN developed in 10% (6/60) of the REYATAZ/ritonavir-treated patients and 8% (4/50) of the lopinavir/ritonavir-treated patients. AST levels >5 times ULN developed in 10% (6/60) of the REYATAZ/ritonavir-treated patients and none (0/50) of the lopinavir/ritonavir-treated patients.
In study AI424-045, 20 patients treated with REYATAZ/ritonavir 300 mg/100 mg once daily, and 18 patients treated with lopinavir/ritonavir 400 mg/100 mg twice daily, were seropositive for hepatitis B and/or C at study entry. ALT levels >5 times ULN developed in 25% (5/20) of the REYATAZ/ritonavir-treated patients and 6% (1/18) of the lopinavir/ritonavir-treated patients. AST levels >5 times ULN developed in 10% (2/20) of the REYATAZ/ritonavir-treated patients and 6% (1/18) of the lopinavir/ritonavir-treated patients.
In studies AI424-008 and AI424-034, 74 patients treated with 400 mg of REYATAZ (atazanavir sulfate) once daily, 58 who received efavirenz, and 12 who received nelfinavir were seropositive for hepatitis B and/or C at study entry. ALT levels >5 times the upper limit of normal (ULN) developed in 15% of the REYATAZ-treated patients, 14% of the efavirenz-treated patients, and 17% of the nelfinavir-treated patients. AST levels >5 times ULN developed in 9% of the REYATAZ-treated patients, 5% of the efavirenz-treated patients, and 17% of the nelfinavir-treated patients. Within atazanavir and control regimens, no difference in frequency of bilirubin elevations was noted between seropositive and seronegative patients. [See Warnings and Precautions
.]
Postmarketing Experience
The following events have been identified during postmarketing use of REYATAZ. Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of unknown size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure.
Body as a Whole: edema
Cardiovascular System: second-degree AV block, third-degree AV block, left bundle branch block, QTc prolongation [see Warnings and Precautions
]
Gastrointestinal System: pancreatitis
Hepatic System: hepatic function abnormalities
Hepatobiliary Disorders: cholelithiasis [see Warnings and Precautions
], cholecystitis, cholestasis
Metabolic System and Nutrition Disorders: diabetes mellitus, hyperglycemia [see Warnings and Precautions
]
Musculoskeletal System: arthralgia
Renal System: nephrolithiasis [see Warnings and Precautions
], interstitial nephritis
Skin and Appendages: alopecia, maculopapular rash [see Contraindications (4)
and Warnings and Precautions
], pruritus, angioedema
|