NEWS HIGHLIGHTSMedia Articles Related to Qualaquin (Quinine)
Also In Global Health News: HIV/AIDS In Uganda; Medical Equipment In Tanzania; Birth Control In Afghanistan; Ethiopia Malaria Fight
Source: HIV / AIDS News From Medical News Today [2009.11.17]
Changes Planned For Ugandan HIV/AIDS Campaign "The Uganda AIDS Commission (UAC) is revamping its national HIV information campaign after HIV prevention messages were less successful than hoped," PlusNews reports.
Are Sterile Mosquitoes The Answer To Malaria Elimination?
Source: Tropical Diseases News From Medical News Today [2009.11.17]
The Sterile Insect Technique (SIT), the release of sexually sterile male insects to wipe out a pest population, is one suggested solution to the problem of malaria in Africa. A new supplement, published in BioMed Central's open access Malaria Journal, reviews the history of the technique, and features details about aspects of its application in the elimination of malaria.
TIME Examines Efforts To Combat Malaria Resistance Along Thai-Cambodia Border
Source: Tropical Diseases News From Medical News Today [2009.11.16]
TIME reports on evidence along the Thai-Cambodia border that the malaria parasite is gaining resistance to artemisinin - "the only remaining effective drug in the world's arsenal against malaria's most deadly strain.
Reporting On Advances In Malaria Research
Source: Medical Devices / Diagnostics News From Medical News Today [2009.11.13]
In a novel approach at disseminating scientific research, the Johns Hopkins Malaria Research Institute (JHMRI) held a web summit to release the latest breakthroughs in malaria research, including new approaches to boosting mosquito immunity to malaria, mapping mosquito migrations, and the promise of a rapid sputum test that could revolutionize the way malaria is tracked and tested for in rural areas, which are hotbeds for the disease.
VOA News Examines Conculsion Of MIM Pan-African Malaria Conference
Source: Tropical Diseases News From Medical News Today [2009.11.10]
The 5th Multilateral Initiative on Malaria (MIM) Pan-African Conference ended Friday in Nairobi, Kenya, " with scientists expressing optimism about several developments in the works to prevent, treat, and possibly eradicate a disease that kills nearly one million people in Africa each year,"
Published Studies Related to Qualaquin (Quinine)
Effectiveness of quinine versus artemether-lumefantrine for treating uncomplicated falciparum malaria in Ugandan children: randomised trial. [2009.07.21]
OBJECTIVE: To compare the effectiveness of oral quinine with that of artemether-lumefantrine in treating uncomplicated malaria in children... CONCLUSIONS: The effectiveness of a seven day course of quinine for the treatment of uncomplicated malaria in Ugandan children was significantly lower than that of artemether-lumefantrine. These findings question the advisability of the recommendation for quinine therapy for uncomplicated malaria in Africa. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00540202.
Effects of concurrent administration of nevirapine on the disposition of quinine in healthy volunteers. [2009.04]
OBJECTIVES: Nevirapine and quinine are likely to be administered concurrently in the treatment of patients with HIV and malaria. Both drugs are metabolised to a significant extent by cytochrome P450 (CYP)3A4 and nevirapine is also an inducer of this enzyme. This study therefore evaluated the effect of nevirapine on the pharmacokinetics of quinine... CONCLUSIONS: Nevirapine significantly alters the pharmacokinetics of quinine. An increase in the dose of quinine may be necessary when the drug is co-administered with nevirapine.
Intrarectal quinine versus intravenous or intramuscular quinine for treating Plasmodium falciparum malaria. [2009.01.21]
CONCLUSIONS: We detected no difference in the effect on parasites and clinical illness for intrarectal quinine, but most trials were small. Pain may be less with intrarectal proprietary, buffered quinine preparations (made less acidic by adjustment of the pH to 4.5). Further larger trials in patients with severe malaria and in adults are required before the intrarectal route can be recommended.
Artemisinin derivatives versus quinine in treating severe malaria in children: a systematic review. [2008.10.17]
BACKGROUND: The efficacy of intravenous quinine, which is the mainstay for treating severe malaria in children, is decreasing in South East Asia and Africa. Artemisinin derivatives are a potential alternative to quinine. However, their efficacy compared to quinine in treating severe malaria in children is not clearly understood. The objective of this review was to assess the efficacy of parenteral artemisinin derivatives versus parenteral quinine in treating severe malaria in children... CONCLUSION: There was no evidence that treatment of children with severe malaria with parenteral artemisinin derivatives was associated with lower mortality or long-term morbidity compared to parenteral quinine. Future studies require adequately powered equivalence trial design to decide whether both drugs are equally effective.
Taste-masked quinine sulphate pellets: bio-availability in adults and steady-state plasma concentrations in children with uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria. [2008.06]
BACKGROUND: Quinine sulphate (QS), like most other antimalarials, is in tablet form designed for adults. In children, treatment is based on breaking the tablets to adapt the dose to the child's bodyweight. However, poor breakability owing to the tablet design or the absence of a score line can lead to inaccurate dosage. Furthermore, QS is very bitter which reduces its acceptability to children. QS taste-masked pellets have been developed which offer more flexibility in adapting dosage to a child's weight. AIMS: To evaluate the oral bio-availability of QS taste-masked pellets in healthy adult volunteers and to determine steady-state plasma concentrations in children aged <5 years with uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria... CONCLUSION: QS taste-masked pellets offered the possibility to easily adjust the dose to the bodyweight of the child and can be used as an alternative to dividing tablets.
Clinical Trials Related to Qualaquin (Quinine)
Comparative Study of Quinine Sulfate in Healthy Patients and in Patients With Renal Impairment [Recruiting]
The effects of mild or moderate renal impairment (creatinine clearance 30 to 50 ml/min or
>50 to 80 ml/min, respectively) on the pharmacokinetic profile of quinine and its active
metabolite, 3'-hydroxyquinine, will be investigated. Safety and tolerability in healthy
subjects versus those with mild to moderate renal impairment will be compared, as well.
Influence of Probenecid and Quinine on the Pharmacokinetics of Azidothymidine [Completed]
Part I studies the effect of quinine on how zidovudine (AZT) is used by the body and
eliminated through the kidneys in HIV infected patients. Part II studies the effect of
probenecid and quinine on the same aspects.
Because AZT leaves the bloodstream quickly, patients must take the drug frequently to keep
adequate amounts in their bodies. Probenecid and quinine may slow down the rate at which AZT
leaves the body. Therefore, taking these drugs along with AZT may reduce the amount of AZT
needed for treatment.
Efficacy of Intrarectal Versus Intravenous Quinine for the Treatment of Childhood Cerebral Malaria [Active, not recruiting]
Cerebral malaria is the most lethal complication of P. falciparum infection with a mortality
rate between 5 and 40%. Intravenous quinine remains the recommended treatment for cerebral
malaria. However its administration is often not feasible due to lack of simple equipment or
trained staff. When referral is not possible, a viable alternative is needed. The intrarectal
route is of interest in children since it is painless and simple. Studies of the efficacy of
intrarectal quinine in the treatment of cerebral malaria are limited. The study aims to
establish the efficacy of intrarectal quinine in the treatment of childhood cerebral
malaria.
Treatment of Malaria With Quinine Plus Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine [Completed]
Quinine remains the treatment of choice of hospitalised malaria cases. The long treatment
duration of 7 days, and adverse reactions often hamper its adequate use. Reducing the
treatment duration by adding sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine may enhance compliance and reduce side
effects.
The efficacy of a 3-day treatment of quinine plus sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine for the treatment
of hospitalised, uncomplicated malaria cases was assessed.
Effectiveness of Oral Quinine and Artemether-Lumefantrine in the Treatment of Uncomplicated Malaria in Ugandan Children [Recruiting]
We will test the hypothesis that there is a difference in effectiveness of oral quinine in
comparison to artemether Lumefantrine in the treatment of uncomplicated malaria in children.
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