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Polocaine (Mepivacaine Infiltration) - Summary

 
 



POLOCAINE SUMMARY

Mepivacaine Hydrochloride, a tertiary amine used as a local anesthetic, is 1-methyl-2', 6' - pipecoloxylidide monohydrochloride.

Mepivacaine is indicated for production of local anesthesia for dental procedures by infiltration or nerve block in adults and pediatric patients.


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NEWS HIGHLIGHTS

Published Studies Related to Polocaine (Mepivacaine Infiltration)

Dilution of a mepivacaine-adrenaline solution in isotonic sodium bicarbonate for reducing subcutaneous infiltration pain in ambulatory phlebectomy procedures: a randomized, double-blind, controlled trial. [2014]
standard preparation diluted with normal saline... CONCLUSIONS: Data obtained from this study may contribute to improve local

Effective low dosage of mepivacaine in ultrasound-guided axillary nerve block: a double-blinded, randomized clinical trial of efficacy in patients undergoing distal upper extremity surgery. [2014]
undergoing distal upper limb surgery... CONCLUSION: Low volumes (30 mL or 20 mL) of 1.5% mepivacaine provides

Triple-blind randomized clinical trial of time until sensory change using 1.5% mepivacaine with epinephrine, 0.5% bupivacaine, or an equal mixture of both for infraclavicular block. [2012]
by 20% or more versus 0.5% bupivacaine alone (bupivacaine)... CONCLUSIONS: Mixing 1.5% mepivacaine (with epinephrine) with 0.5% bupivacaine

Submucous tramadol increases the anesthetic efficacy of mepivacaine with epinephrine in inferior alveolar nerve block. [2011.05.07]
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of submucous tramadol as adjuvant of mepivacaine with epinephrine in inferior alveolar nerve block. A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover clinical trial was conducted...

Efficacy of liposome-encapsulated mepivacaine for infiltrative anesthesia in volunteers. [2011.03]
This blinded crossover study evaluated the efficacy and pain sensitivity evoked by a previously reported liposome-encapsulated mepivacaine formulation (Araujo et al., 2004). Thirty healthy volunteers received an intraoral injection (1.8 mL), at four different sessions, of the following formulations: 2% mepivacaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine (MVC(2%EPI)), 3% mepivacaine (MVC(3%)), and 2 and 3% liposome-encapsulated mepivacaine (MVC(2%LUV) and MVC(3%LUV))...

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Clinical Trials Related to Polocaine (Mepivacaine Infiltration)

Mepivacaine-Tramadol on the Success of Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block in Symptomatic Irreversible Pulpitis [Completed]
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the success of inferior alveolar nerve block, after the local application of Mepivacaine plus Tramadol in patients with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis. Also, to evaluate the duration of the anesthetic effect when using Mepivacaine plus Tramadol in the same anesthetic technique and patients group. Hypothesis: Local application of mepivacaine plus tramadol increases the successful of inferior alveolar nerve block in patients with irreversible pulpitis.

Dosage of Mepivacaine in Ultrasound Axillary Block [Completed]
The use of ultrasonography as an adjunct to regional anesthesia has significantly increased in recent years. Brachial plexus blockade by an axillary approach is amenable to the use of ultrasound guidance. Real time sonography of nerve structures ensures an optimal distribution of the block solution. When compared to other methods of nerve localization, sonography decreases: failure rate procedure time and the onset time for blockade. Furthermore, the use of ultrasound for peripheral nerve blockade demonstrates decreased procedure related complications such as nerve injury and unintentional vascular puncture. Traditional axillary block techniques relying on surface anatomical landmarks require large volumes of local anesthetic, generally 40mL and greater. Utilizing the increased accuracy offered by ultrasound, some studies have shown that low volumes of local anesthetic can yield successful axillary plexus blockade. Therefore, the tradition of using large volumes of local anesthetic for axillary blocks, even without ultrasound, may not be warranted. Although recent investigations support using a low volume of local anesthetic for brachial plexus blockade, there is a lack of outcome data from blinded randomised trials. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate 2 different volumes of local anesthetic for axillary blockade: 1) 20mL or 2) 30 mL. For the 2 different volumes used in this study, a 1. 5% solution of mepivacaine was chosen due to its widespread clinical use in axillary blocks, which is secondary to: rapid onset of action, intermediate duration of effect, and relative low cost. The primary outcome was block success rate for outpatients undergoing distal upper limb surgery. Secondary objectives included comparing the 2 volumes with respect to: time required to perform the block, and onset of sensory and motor blockade.

Effect of Epinephrine on Systemic Absorption of Mepivacaine in Uremic Patients [Terminated]
The aim of this study is to determine the effect of epinephrine on systemic absorption of local anaesthetic mepivacaine administered for brachial plexus block in uremic patients scheduled for creation or repair of an arteriovenous fistula. Furthermore, an impact of epinephrine on the central circulation and peripheral tissue oxygenation will be evaluated.

Spinal Mepivicaine With Fentanyl for Outpatient Knee Arthroscopy [Completed]
The purpose of this study is to determine if the addition of intrathecal fentanyl to low dose mepivacaine spinal anesthesia provides adequate surgical anesthesia with shorter duration of motor blockade. It is hypothesized that lower doses of spinal mepivacaine when combined with fentanyl will result in adequate surgical block for knee arthroscopy surgery with faster recovery and discharge compared to mepivacaine alone.

Ropivacaine Versus Ropivacaine Plus Mepivacaine for Sciatic Block [Completed]
In loco regional anesthesia, much more than for general anesthesia, the choice of the product is largely left at the discretion of the practitioner. Two categories of local anesthetics are distinguished according to their pharmacodynamic characteristics: products with a short time of installation and a short duration period, and products with a longer delay of installation of the sensitive and motor block, but with a long-term duration. Indeed, the combined use of two products pharmacodynamically different seems to be of a practical interest. This study provides a comparison of the onset of action of 30 ml of ropivacaine 0. 75% and 30ml of a mixture of ropivacaïne 0. 75% associated with mepivacaïne 1. 5% for the subgluteal sciatic nerve block. This is a prospective randomized double-blind study where the main criterion of judgment is the time of installation of a sensitive block compatible with surgery in the sciatic territory nerve. Fifteen patients per group were calculated to detect a 50% decrease of the onset of action in the combination group with a power of 90% and alpha to 5%, according to a previous pilot study. The secondary endpoints are the intensity and time of installation of the motor block, the duration of sensitive and motor block, the total dose of morphine administered within 48 hours, as well as its possible side effects.

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Page last updated: 2015-08-10

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