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Plasbumin-5 (Albumin) - Summary

 
 



PLASBUMIN-5 SUMMARY

Albumin (Human) 5%, USP (Plasbumin®-5) is made from pooled human venous plasma using the Cohn cold ethanol fractionation process. Part of the fractionation may be performed by another licensed manufacturer. It is prepared in accordance with the applicable requirements established by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.

Plasbumin-5 is iso-oncotic with normal plasma and on intravenous infusion will expand the circulating blood volume by an amount approximately equal to the volume infused. In conditions associated mainly with a volume deficit, albumin is best administered as a 5% solution (Plasbumin-5); but where there is an oncotic deficit, Albumin (Human) 25%, USP (Plasbumin®-25) may be preferred. This is also an important consideration where the treatment of the shock state has been delayed. If Plasbumin-25 is used, appropriate additional crystalloid should be administered.1

Crystalloid solutions in volumes several times greater than that of Plasbumin-5 may be effective in treating shock in younger individuals who have no preexisting illness at the time of the incident. Older patients, especially those with preexisting debilitating conditions, or those in whom the shock is caused by a medical disorder, or where the state of shock has existed for some time before active therapy could be instituted, may not tolerate hypoalbuminemia as well.1

Removal of ascitic fluid from a patient with cirrhosis may cause changes in cardiovascular function and even result in hypovolemic shock. In such circumstances, the use of albumin infusion may be required to support the blood volume.1

An optimal therapeutic regimen with respect to the administration of colloids, crystalloids, and water following extensive burns has not been established. During the first 24 hours after sustaining thermal injury, large volumes of crystalloids are infused to restore the depleted extracellular fluid volume. Beyond 24 hours, albumin can be used to maintain plasma colloid osmotic pressure. Plasbumin-25 may be preferred for this purpose.1

With the relatively small priming volume required with modern pumps, preoperative dilution of the blood using albumin and crystalloid has been shown to be safe and well-tolerated. Although the limit to which the hematocrit and plasma protein concentration can be safely lowered has not been defined, it is common practice to adjust the albumin and crystalloid pump prime to achieve a hematocrit of 20% and a plasma albumin concentration of 2.5 g per 100 mL in the patient.

In the uncommon situation of rapid loss of liver function, with or without coma, administration of albumin may serve the double purpose of supporting the colloid osmotic pressure of the plasma as well as binding excess plasma bilirubin.

This occurs in such conditions as acute peritonitis, pancreatitis, mediastinitis, and extensive cellulitis. The magnitude of loss into the third space may require treatment of reduced volume or oncotic activity with an infusion of albumin.

In chronic nephrosis, infused albumin is promptly excreted by the kidneys with no relief of the chronic edema or effect on the underlying renal lesion. It is of occasional use in the rapid "priming" diuresis of nephrosis. Similarly, in hypoproteinemic states associated with chronic cirrhosis, malabsorption, protein losing enteropathies, pancreatic insufficiency, and undernutrition, the infusion of albumin as a source of protein nutrition is not justified.


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NEWS HIGHLIGHTS

Published Studies Related to Plasbumin-5 (Albumin)

Glycated albumin predicts the effect of dual and single antiplatelet therapy on recurrent stroke. [2015]
recurrence of stroke in patients on either dual or single antiplatelet therapy... CONCLUSIONS: GA could be a potential biomarker to predict the effects of dual and

Effects of combined lipoic acid and pyridoxine on albuminuria, advanced glycation end-products, and blood pressure in diabetic nephropathy. [2013]
This study was designed to investigate the effects of combined administration of lipoic acid and pyridoxine on albuminuria, oxidative stress, blood pressure, serum advanced glycation end-products, nitric oxide (NO), and endothelin-1 in patients with diabetic nephropathy.

High-dose albumin treatment for acute ischaemic stroke (ALIAS) Part 2: a randomised, double-blind, phase 3, placebo-controlled trial. [2013]
proportion of patients with a favourable outcome... INTERPRETATION: Our findings show no clinical benefit of 25% albumin in patients

Albumin resuscitation for traumatic brain injury: is intracranial hypertension the cause of increased mortality? [2013]
Mortality is higher in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) resuscitated with albumin compared with saline, but the mechanism for increased mortality is unknown...

Sulodexide for kidney protection in type 2 diabetes patients with microalbuminuria: a randomized controlled trial. [2011.11]
BACKGROUND: Sulodexide, a heterogenous group of sulfated glycosaminoglycans, includes low-molecular-weight heparin (~80% +/- 8%), high-molecular-weight heparin (~5% +/- 3%), and dermatan (~20% +/- 8%), with a mean molecular weight of ~9 kDa. The drug is absorbed orally and has no anticoagulant effect in the doses used. Small preliminary studies consistently showed sulodexide to be associated with decreased albuminuria in patients with diabetes... CONCLUSION: Sulodexide failed to decrease urine albumin excretion in patients with type 2 diabetic nephropathy and microalbuminuria. Copyright (c) 2011 National Kidney Foundation, Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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Clinical Trials Related to Plasbumin-5 (Albumin)

Treatment of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage With Human Albumin [Terminated]
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the tolerability and safety of 25 percent human albumin therapy in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Efficacy and Safety of Plasma Exchange With 5% Albutein in Beta-Amyloid Peptide Clearance in Cerebrospinal Fluid [Completed]
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of plasma exchange with 5% albumin in beta-amyloid peptide clearance in cerebrospinal fluid, and its effects in patients with mild-moderate Alzheimer's disease.

Study to Evaluate the Safety of Kedbumin 25% Versus Normal Saline in the Treatment of Post-Surgical Hypovolemia in Pediatric Patients [Not yet recruiting]
This is a randomized, controlled, open-label clinical trial to be conducted at approximately 12 surgical and pediatric intensive care units (SICU/NICU/PICU) in the US, over a period of 22 months, with 6 months for trial set-up, 12 months of simultaneous subject enrollment and 30 days of treatment/follow-up period, and 3 months for study close-out. The study population will consist of at least 60 male and female pediatric subjects between 0 days and 12 years of age, undergoing cardiac, abdominal, orthopedic or transplant surgery with an approximately equal number of subjects (n=10 to 25) in three of the four age groups: (29 days to 23 months), (2 to 5 years 11 months) and (6 years to 12 years) cohorts. Regarding the youngest age group of 0 to 28 days, the minimum number of patients to be enrolled in the study will not be predefined as very a small number of elective surgical procedures is expected in this population. Safety concerns and eventual safety signals, as well as recruitment rate, will be monitored annually (starting from the enrollment of the 60th subject) by an independent Safety Monitoring Board (SMB), which will be appointed prior to study initiation and submitted to the FDA. The responsibilities of the SMB will be defined in ad hoc document, in which the threshold for acceptable safety will also be set. During the conduct of the study on the first 60 patients, if there is any safety signal linked to the primary safety endpoint (i. e. pulmonary fluid overload) or imbalance in the incidence of AEs between the treatment and control groups or based on relevant literature, as judged by the SMB, the enrolment will be increased to 100 patients using the same age stratification approach defined above (n=20 to 30 in each age group). Potential subjects will be pre-screened and informed consent/assent will be obtained from the subject and/or subject's parents or guardians prior to surgery. Post-surgery, the subject will be admitted to the Surgical, Neonatal, or Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (SICU/NICU/PICU) for postoperative recovery and care management. Subjects who show signs of hypovolemia as judged by the Principal Investigator (PI) will be screened to determine their eligibility to participate in this trial. Subjects will then be randomized to receive treatment with Kedbumin 25% or the comparator, normal saline (sodium chloride 0. 9%). There is no specific post-treatment regimen for this protocol, as all subjects will receive the standard post-operative care based on their clinical status and response to treatment at the discretion of the Investigator. Vital signs and fluid management/replacement therapy recorded in the medical chart and results of standard complete blood count (CBC), biochemistry, and hematology and coagulation lab panels will be reviewed and recorded by research staff at specified time points, according to the hospital standard of care. Additionally, research staff will review and record daily lactate, urine albumin, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, and non-invasive measurements at the following time points: Baseline, 6hr, 12hr, 24hr, 36hr, 48hr, and 72hr post-onset of hypovolemia), until hemodynamic stability is achieved. Hemodynamic stability will be evaluated based on site-specific age-defined reference ranges for heart rate, blood pressure, urine output, and cardiac index in children. The volume, rate and frequency of the Investigational Medicinal Product (IMP, either Kedbumin 25% or normal saline) administered will be recorded in addition to the type, timing, and amount of all other fluids administered. The time to hemodynamic stability, duration of stability once attained, and any relapse requiring additional treatment or use of secondary resuscitation strategies will be recorded. Subjects who demonstrate hemodynamic stability within 3 days after treatment initiation and then relapse into hemodynamic instability as a result of surgical complications or infection will exit from the study, but the data be considered for the safety analysis. These subjects should continue treatment according the clinical practice standard since the study is not intended to evaluate the efficacy of Kedbumin 25%.

Recombinant Human Serum Albumin/Interferon alpha2a Fusion Protein Phase I Study in Chinese Healthy Volunteers [Completed]
This study will evaluate safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of Recombinant Human Serum Albumin/interferon alpha2a Fusion Protein single dose in Chinese healthy volunteers.

Treatment of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage With Human Albumin [Terminated]
The proposed study was set up to evaluate the tolerability and safety of 25% human albumin (HA) therapy in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). It is estimated that 37,500 people in the USA have SAH every year. SAH is associated with a 51% mortality rate and one third of survivors are left functionally dependent. Cerebral vasospasm (CV) has been identified as the most important reason for neurological deterioration. CV may be due to multiple molecular mechanisms. The use of a neuroprotective agent with various actions, likes HA, would be important for prevention of CV and improved clinical outcome in patients with SAH. The proposed open-label, dose-escalation study will have important public health implications by providing necessary information for a definitive phase III clinical trial regarding the efficacy of treatment with HA in patients with SAH. The study was to enroll a maximum of 80 patients with SAH who meet the eligibility criteria. Four dosages of HA (0. 625, 1. 25, 1. 875, and 2. 5 g/kg) administered daily for seven days will be evaluated. The lowest dosage was to be evaluated in the first group of 20 subjects. A specific safety threshold was defined based on data from previous studies. The Data and Safety Monitoring Board approved or disapproved advancing to the next higher HA dosage based on the evaluation of the rate of congestive heart failure (CHF). The study assessed three outcomes: safety and tolerability of the HA dosages and the functional outcome. The primary tolerability outcome was defined as the subject's ability to receive the full allocated dose of HA without incurring frank CHF that requires termination of treatment. Secondary safety outcomes were serious adverse events (including neurological and medical complications, and anaphylactic reactions). Neurological complications comprise incidence of CV, rebleeding, hydrocephalus, and seizures after treatment. The three-month functional outcome determined, by Glasgow Outcome Scale, Barthel Index, modified Rankin Scale, NIH Stroke Scale and Stroke Impact Scale was measured to obtain a preliminary estimate of the treatment effect of HA. The timeline of the study is three years.

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Page last updated: 2015-08-10

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