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Phenytoin (Phenytoin Sodium) - Summary

 
 



PHENYTOIN SUMMARY

Phenytoin sodium is an antiepileptic drug. Phenytoin sodium is related to the barbiturates in chemical structure, but has a five-membered ring.

Extended phenytoin sodium capsules are indicated for the control of generalized tonic-clonic (grand mal) and complex partial (psychomotor, temporal lobe) seizures and prevention and treatment of seizures occurring during or following neurosurgery.

Phenytoin serum level determinations may be necessary for optimal dosage adjustments (see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION and CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY).


See all Phenytoin indications & dosage >>

NEWS HIGHLIGHTS

Published Studies Related to Phenytoin

Fosphenytoin for seizure prevention in childhood coma in Africa: a randomized clinical trial. [2013]
in children with acute coma... CONCLUSION: A single intramuscular injection of fosphenytoin (20 phenytoin

The effect of topical phenytoin on healing in diabetic foot ulcers: a randomized controlled trial. [2011.10]
AIM: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of topical phenytoin on healing in diabetic foot ulcers. A randomized, controlled, double-blind, clinical trial was conducted... CONCLUSIONS: There were no differences in diabetic foot ulcer closure rates or in diabetic foot ulcer area over time between the two groups. This study does not support the use of phenytoin in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers. (c) 2011 The Authors. Diabetic Medicine (c) 2011 Diabetes UK.

Effects of lamotrigine and phenytoin on the pharmacokinetics of atorvastatin in healthy volunteers. [2011.07]
PURPOSE: Statins and antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are frequently coprescribed to individuals with hypercholesterolemia and new-onset seizures...

Folic acid supplementation prevents phenytoin-induced gingival overgrowth in children. [2011.04.12]
OBJECTIVE: Gingival overgrowth is an important adverse effect of phenytoin (PHT) therapy, occurring in about half of the patients. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of oral folic acid supplementation (0.5 mg/day) for the prevention of PHT-induced gingival overgrowth (PIGO) in children with epilepsy aged 6-15 years on PHT monotherapy for 6 months... CONCLUSIONS: Oral folic acid was found to decrease the incidence of PIGO in children on PHT monotherapy, in a statistically significant and clinically relevant manner. Classification of evidence: This study provides Class I evidence that folic acid supplementation, 0.5 mg/day, is associated with prevention of gingival overgrowth in children taking PHT monotherapy.

Pregabalin effect on steady-state pharmacokinetics of carbamazepine, lamotrigine, phenobarbital, phenytoin, topiramate, valproate, and tiagabine. [2011.02]
By reducing neuronal excitability through selective binding to the alpha(2)delta subunit of voltage-dependent calcium channels, pregabalin effectively treats epilepsy, chronic pain, and anxiety disorders. To evaluate if pregabalin coadministration affects pharmacokinetics of other antiepileptic drugs, population pharmacokinetic analyses using NONMEM software were performed on data from three epilepsy trials involving seven antiepileptic drugs with pregabalin as add-on therapy...

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Clinical Trials Related to Phenytoin

Phenytoin in the Healing of Clean Surgical Wounds [Recruiting]
The purpose of this study is to investigate the potential healing properties of phenytoin. The investigators will use the donor site of a split skin thickness graft (SSTG) to model a basic wound in a randomized controlled trial of topical phenytoin against current best clinical practice. The investigators aim to demonstrate a dose dependent effect. The investigators hypothesis, based on previous clinical experience at our center and on current available literature, that phenytoin will reduce wound healing time.

A Study to Investigate the Potential Pharmacokinetic Interactions Between Phenytoin or Carbamazepine and Telaprevir [Completed]
The purpose of this study is to investigate the potential pharmacokinetic (what the body does to the drug) interactions between multiple doses of phenytoin 200 mg every 12 hours or carbamazepine 200 mg every 12 hours and telaprevir 750 mg every 8 hours at steady-state (constant concentration of medication in the blood) in healthy participants.

Phenytoin as a Neuroprotective Agent Against Corticosteroid-induced Functional Imaging Changes [Completed]
The purpose of this research is to determine if patients who receive phenytoin (also commonly known as Dilantin) before taking corticosteroids will show less memory impairment and hypomanic symptoms (feelings of agitation, overexcitement or hyperactivity) than those receiving placebo (an inactive substance). This research also seeks to determine if patients taking phenytoin before corticosteroids show more activity in the area of the brain involved with memory than those receiving placebo. This research is being done because increased levels of cortisol (the body's natural corticosteroid) in the body are frequently associated with forgetfulness, and interventions that may prevent or reverse this effect are of great importance.

Comparative Trial of IV Lacosamide Versus Phenytoin for Seizure Management [Recruiting]
The Investigator plans to perform a prospective, randomized, single blinded, study that will compare patients treated with IV lacosamide to those treated with Phenytoin in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) setting. The investigator will also evaluate the rate of clinically evident and sub-clinical seizures, and to compare long-term outcomes between patients treated with lacosamide and those treated with Phenytoin.

Study on the Efficacy of Phenytoin in the Prophylaxis of Seizures of Patients With Pneumococcal Meningitis at Least 50 Yrs Old. [Recruiting]
To evaluate the efficacy of the prophylaxis with phenytoin in the prevention of seizures in patients with pneumococcal meningitis. Hypothesis: Administration of prophylactic phenytoin will reduce the incidence of seizures in patients with pneumococcal meningitis older than 50 yrs.

more trials >>

Reports of Suspected Phenytoin Side Effects

Convulsion (90)Toxicity TO Various Agents (53)Drug Ineffective (48)Drug Rash With Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (43)Drug Interaction (40)Fall (25)Maternal Exposure During Pregnancy (23)Dizziness (22)Ataxia (22)Rash (22)more >>


Page last updated: 2014-11-30

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