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Palladone (Hydromorphone Hydrochloride) - Summary

 
 



WARNING:

Palladone™ (hydromorphone hydrochloride extended-release) Capsules are indicated for the management of persistent, moderate to severe pain in patients requiring continuous, around-the-clock analgesia with a high potency opioid for an extended period of time (weeks to months) or longer. Palladone™ Capsules should only be used in patients who are already receiving opioid therapy, who have demonstrated opioid tolerance, and who require a minimum total daily dose of opiate medication equivalent to 12 mg of oral hydromorphone. Patients considered opioid tolerant are those who are taking at least 60 mg oral morphine/day, or at least 30 mg of oral oxycodone/day, or at least 8 mg oral hydromorphone/day, or an equianalgesic dose of another opioid, for a week or longer. Palladone™ Capsules should be administered once every 24 hours.

Appropriate patients for treatment with Palladone Capsules include patients who require high doses of potent opioids on an around-the-clock basis to improve pain control and patients who have difficulty attaining adequate analgesia with immediate-release opioid formulations.

Palladone Capsules are contraindicated for use on an as needed basis (i.e., prn).

Palladone™ Capsules are NOT intended to be used as the first opioid product prescribed for a patient, or in patients who require opioid analgesia for a short period of time.

Palladone™ Capsules are for use in OPIOID-TOLERANT patients ONLY. Use in non-opioid-tolerant patients may lead to FATAL RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION. Overestimating the Palladone dose when converting patients from another opioid medication can result in fatal overdose with the first dose. Due to the mean apparent 18-hour elimination half-life of Palladone, patients who receive an overdose will require an extended period of monitoring and treatment that may go beyond 18 hours. Even in the face of improvement, continued medical monitoring is required because of the possibility of extended effects.

Palladone™ Capsules contain the potent Schedule II opioid agonist, hydromorphone. Schedule II opioid agonists (which include hydromorphone, fentanyl, methadone, morphine, oxycodone, and oxymorphone), have the highest risk of fatal overdoses due to respiratory depression, as well as the highest potential for abuse. Palladone can be abused in a manner similar to other opioid agonists, legal or illicit. These risks should be considered when administering, prescribing, or dispensing Palladone in situations where the healthcare professional is concerned about increased risk of misuse, abuse, or diversion.

Persons at increased risk for opioid abuse include those with a personal or family history of substance abuse (including drug or alcohol abuse or addiction) or mental illness (e.g., major depression). Patients should be assessed for their clinical risks for opioid abuse or addiction prior to being prescribed opioids. All patients receiving opioids should be routinely monitored for signs of misuse, abuse and addiction. Patients at increased risk of opioid abuse may still be appropriately treated with modified-release opioid formulations; however these patients will require intensive monitoring for signs of misuse, abuse, or addiction.

Palladone capsules are to be swallowed whole and are not to be broken, chewed, opened, dissolved or crushed. Consuming alcohol while taking palladone™ capsules or taking broken, chewed, dissolved, or crushed palladone™ capsules or its contents can lead to the rapid release and absorption of a potentially fatal dose of hydromorphone. Overestimating the palladone dose when converting the patient from another opioid medication can result in fatal overdose with the first dose. With the long half-life of palladone (18 hours), patients who receive the wrong dose will require an extended period of monitoring and treatment that may go beyond 18 hours. Even in the face of improvement, continued medical monitoring is required because of the possibility of extended effects.

 

PALLADONE SUMMARY

PALLADONE
CII
(hydromorphone hydrochloride extended-release) Capsules
12 mg, 16 mg, 24 mg, 32 mg

Palladone™ (hydromorphone hydrochloride extended-release) Capsules are an opioid analgesic supplied in 12 mg, 16 mg, 24 mg, and 32 mg capsule strengths for oral administration. The pellet formulation is the same for all capsule strengths. The strength designation of each capsule indicates the amount of hydromorphone hydrochloride salt.

Palladone™ Capsules are indicated for the management of persistent, moderate to severe pain in patients requiring continuous, around-the-clock analgesia with a high potency opioid for an extended period of time generally weeks to months or longer. Palladone™ Capsules should only be used in patients who are already receiving opioid therapy, have demonstrated opioid tolerance, and who require a minimum total daily dose of opiate medication equivalent to 12 mg of oral hydromorphone. Patients considered opioid tolerant are those who are taking at least 60 mg oral morphine/day, or at least 30 mg oral oxycodone/day, or at least 8 mg oral hydromorphone/day, or an equianalgesic dose of another opioid, for a week or longer. Appropriate patients for treatment with Palladone include patients who require high doses of potent opioids on an around-the-clock basis to improve pain control, and patients who have difficulty attaining adequate analgesia with immediate-release opioid formulations.

Palladone™ Capsules are NOT intended to be used:

  • as the first opioid product prescribed for a patient.
  • in patients who require opioid analgesia for a short period of time.
  • on an as needed basis (i.e., prn).

An evaluation of the appropriateness and adequacy of immediate-release opioids is advisable prior to initiating therapy with any modified-release opioid. Prescribers should individualize treatment in every case, initiating therapy at the appropriate point along a progression from non-opioid analgesics, such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and acetaminophen, to opioids, in a plan of pain management such as outlined by the World Health Organization, the Agency for Health Research and Quality, the Federation of State Medical Boards Model Policy, or the American Pain Society.

Patients should be assessed for their clinical risks for opioid abuse or addiction prior to being prescribed opioids. Patients receiving opioids should be routinely monitored for signs of misuse, abuse, and addiction. Persons at increased risk for opioid abuse include those with a personal or family history of substance abuse (including drug or alcohol abuse or addiction) or mental illness (e.g., major depression). Patients at increased risk may still be appropriately treated with modified-release opioid formulations; however these patients will require intensive monitoring for signs of misuse, abuse, or addiction.


See all Palladone indications & dosage >>

NEWS HIGHLIGHTS

Published Studies Related to Palladone (Hydromorphone)

Hydromorphone extended release for neuropathic and non-neuropathic/nociceptive chronic low back pain: a post hoc analysis of data from a randomized, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. [2014]
(LBP) with or without a neuropathic component... CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study indicate that hydromorphone ER is

Safety and efficacy of once-daily hydromorphone extended-release versus twice-daily oxycodone hydrochloride controlled-release in chinese patients with cancer pain: a phase 3, randomized, double-blind, multicenter study. [2014]
Noninferiority of the efficacy of once-daily hydromorphone hydrochloride extended-release (hydromorphone ER) compared with twice-daily oxycodone hydrochloride controlled-release (oxycodone CR) was investigated in this randomized, double-blind study in Chinese patients with moderate to severe cancer pain requiring strong oral opioid analgesics.

Potency ratio of hydromorphone and diacetylmorphine in substitution treatment for long-term opioid dependency. [2011]
treatment are limited... CONCLUSIONS: Studies using hydromorphone as a diacetylmorphine equivalent should

Effects of acepromazine, hydromorphone, or an acepromazine-hydromorphone combination on the degree of sedation in clinically normal dogs. [2010.11.15]
OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of IM administration of acepromazine, hydromorphone, or the acepromazine-hydromorphone combination on degree of sedation in clinically normal dogs and to compare 2 sedation scoring techniques... The NRS was a less-reliable measure of sedation.

Steady-state pharmacokinetics of extended-release hydromorphone (OROS hydromorphone): a randomized study in healthy volunteers. [2010.09]
The steady-state pharmacokinetics of an extended-release formulation of hydromorphone, OROS hydromorphone, was investigated in a randomized, open-label, crossover study in healthy volunteers. Participants were randomly assigned to receive 16 mg of OROS hydromorphone once daily and 4 mg of immediate-release hydromorphone four times daily for five consecutive days...

more studies >>

Clinical Trials Related to Palladone (Hydromorphone)

An Open-label Study of Hydromorphone Oral Solution in Subjects Aged 28 Days to 16 Years for Postoperative Pain [Completed]

Methadone and Hydromorphone For Spinal Surgery [Recruiting]
Patients undergoing major spinal surgery continue to experience moderate-to-severe pain during the first 2-3 days following the operative procedure. Pain complicates the recovery process, despite the routine practice of using potent opioid analgesics. The primary reason that pain is poorly controlled in patients undergoing major surgery is that most commonly-used opioids only produce analgesia for 2-4 hours. The intermittent use of these drugs results in periods of time when a patient will experience discomfort (at which time a nurse administers more drug or the button on a patient-controlled analgesic (PCA) system is pressed to deliver more medication). The use of a long-acting opioid may be advantageous in the perioperative setting. Methadone is an opioid that has a median duration of analgesia of 24-36 hours. Therefore, a single dose administered in the operating room may reduce the need for pain medication and improve pain control for the first few postoperative days. The aim of this randomized clinical trial is to examine the effect of methadone (compared to hydromorphone) on postoperative pain management in patients undergoing major spine surgery

Association Between Body Size and Response to Hydromorphone in ED [Recruiting]
Pain is the most common complaint for patients presenting to the emergency department (ED). Inadequate pain relief is also a common problem in ED. Patients' pain perceptions and responses to intravenous opioids vary widely and are influenced by multiple factors. The objective of the current study is to examine the association between total body weight, BMI (body mass index) and clinical response to a fixed dose of intravenous hydromorphone.

Fixed Dose of Intravenous Hydromorphone in the Treatment of Acute Pain [Completed]
Research question: In adult emergency department (ED) patients to whom the attending ED physician has decided to administer intravenous opioid pain control: 1. What is the incidence of serious adverse events, defined as the use of naloxone, up to a total of 2 hours after infusion of 2 mg IV hydromorphone? 2. What is the incidence of other side effects (respiratory depression, hypotension, oxygen desaturation, nausea, vomiting, and pruritus) at 5, 15, 30 and 120 minutes post infusion of 2mg IV hydromorphone? 3. What is the speed of onset of 2 mg IV hydromorphone? This will be measured by asking the patient for his NRS pain score at 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 minutes post infusion of 2 mg IV hydromorphone. 4. What is the incidence of administration of rescue medications? 5. For those patients who decline to enter the study, what are their reasons for refusal (e. g. fear of becoming addicted)? The investigators believe this is yet another barrier to providing adequate pain relief for patients with acute severe pain.

Intrathecal Hydromorphone for Post-cesarean Delivery Pain - a Dose Finding Study [Not yet recruiting]
Pain relief after cesarean delivery can be provided in a few ways. Most commonly, certain medications called opioids, such as morphine, are given through the vein or into the muscle. However, a more effective way to give pain relief with fewer side effects (such as nausea and slowing your breathing) is to give opioids in the spinal space as part of the medications given for a cesarean delivery. For many years, the opioid of choice was morphine due to its long anesthetic effect and acceptable side effect profile. A nation-wide disruption in the supply of preservative-free morphine has made it necessary to look for alternatives. Many institutions worldwide have used another opioid, called hydromorphone, in the spinal space for over a decade. This drug has a very good safety and side effect profile and has been used at our institution for more than a year. Of interest, while a number of different doses of hydromorphone have been used, there have been very few studies to evaluate the best dose for providing good pain relief with minimal side effects. The goal of this study is to find the best dose of spinal hydromorphone for women undergoing cesarean delivery.

more trials >>

Reports of Suspected Palladone (Hydromorphone) Side Effects

Night Sweats (2)Weight Decreased (2)Alpha 2 Globulin Increased (2)Somnolence (2)Hepatotoxicity (2)Chest Pain (2)Depression (2)Hallucination (2)Dyspnoea (2)Vomiting (2)more >>


Page last updated: 2015-08-10

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