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Nitroglycerin (Nitroglycerin) - Summary

 
 



NITROGLYCERIN SUMMARY

Nitroglycerin is 1,2,3-propanetriol trinitrate, an organic nitrate.

Nitroglycerin Extended-Release Capsules are indicated for the prevention of angina pectoris due to coronary artery disease. The onset of action of oral nitroglycerin is not sufficiently rapid for this product to be useful in aborting an acute anginal episode.


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NEWS HIGHLIGHTS

Published Studies Related to Nitroglycerin

Effect of the Addition of Vasopressin or Vasopressin Plus Nitroglycerin to Epinephrine on Arterial Blood Pressure during Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in Humans. [2011.11]
Background: Infusion of a vasopressor during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in humans increases end decompression (diastolic) arterial blood pressure, and consequently increases vital organ perfusion pressure and survival.

Nitroglycerin Ointment for the Prevention of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis (December). [2011.10.18]
OBJECTIVE:To determine whether clinical trial data support the use of nitroglycerin for prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis.DATA SOURCES:A literature search using MEDLINE (1966-September 2011) and EMBASE (1973-September 2011) was conducted using the search terms nitroglycerin, bone mineral density, fracture, and osteoporosis...

Modulation of novel cardiorenal and inflammatory biomarkers by intravenous nitroglycerin and nesiritide in acute decompensated heart failure: an exploratory study. [2011.07]
CONCLUSIONS: The differential modulation effects of cystatin-C and interleukin-6 but not other inflammatory markers, in response to NES compared with NTG therapy, may provide important implications for vasodilator therapy. Further studies are warranted to confirm these findings. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00842023.

Short-term aerobic exercise reduces nitroglycerin-induced orthostatic intolerance in older adults with type 2 diabetes. [2011.06]
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Older adults are at a high risk for syncope due to orthostatic intolerance (OI), and this risk increases with comorbid type 2 diabetes and vasoactive medications. Despite many benefits, previous investigations have shown worsening OI with aerobic training. We examined whether aerobic exercise reduced OI in older adults with type 2 diabetes who were given a short-acting vasoactive agent (nitroglycerin)... CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that a relatively short aerobic exercise intervention can improve postnitroglycerin orthostatic tolerance in older adults with type 2 diabetes.

The potent calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor antagonist, telcagepant, does not affect nitroglycerin-induced vasodilation in healthy men. [2011.05]
AIMS: To assess the effect of the calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) receptor antagonist, telcagepant, on the haemodynamic response to sublingual nitroglycerin (NTG)... CONCLUSIONS: Telcagepant did not affect NTG-induced haemodynamic changes. These data suggest that NTG-induced vasodilation is not CGRP dependent. (c) 2011 The Authors. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology (c) 2011 The British Pharmacological Society.

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Clinical Trials Related to Nitroglycerin

Nitroglycerin in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer [Recruiting]
Nitroglycerin is a nitric oxide donor which is mainly known as a vasodilating agent used in ischemic heart disease. It has also been shown to increase tumor blood flow in animal and human tumors. The addition of nitroglycerin to chemotherapy in non small cell lung cancer has been shown to generate very favorable response rates with respect to standard treatment schedules[5]. Theoretically nitroglycerin might reduce resistance to chemotherapy via a plethora of different effects: better tumor perfusion, direct effects of NO on cancer cells, increase in activated p53 protein and via an increased blood flow in the tumour with as consequence a higher drug concentration in the tumor [6] . In mice, nitric oxide donors such as isosorbide dinitrate have been shown to decrease tumor hypoxia by better tumor perfusion, which could enhance radiotherapy responses [7]. To date these combined effects have not been tested in humans. In this trial we would like to demonstrate the effect of nitroglycerin on tumor perfusion and hypoxia in non small cell lung cancer (using DCE and HX4 scanning), providing a rationale for further study and to test the effect of combining nitroglycerine to standard treatment of NSCLC (radiotherapy/chemotherapy).

Treatment of Suspected Cholelithiasis With Nitroglycerin [Not yet recruiting]
ABSTRACT: Sublingual nitroglycerin has been advocated for the treatment of acute pain from suspected symptomatic cholelithiasis. There is, however, no clinical studies that validate its use. This study is designed to evaluate the efficacy of nitroglycerine in relieving acute pain of suspected biliary tract origin. Nitroglycerin is a potent smooth muscle relaxant used for biliary tract dilation during ERCP, (Chelly, J) and has been recommended for treatment of biliary colic based on anecdotal experience and small case reports. Nitroglycerin effect is a result of the nitric oxide component of the medication which acts as a smooth muscle relaxant in vascular, bronchial, esophageal and biliary smooth muscles. [McGowan(1936), Chelly (1979),Toyoyama (2001)] The typical dose of nitroglycerin is 0. 4 mg given sublingually in pill form or, more recently, in a metered spray form. In a case series reported by Hassel (1993), positive response times ranged from 20 to 60 seconds with duration of action of two to twelve hours. Sublingual nitroglycerin is most commonly used for treatment of chest pain related to insufficient cardiac perfusion. It has also been noted to relieve the pain of esophageal spasms. Nitroglycerin has an excellent safety profile if used in patients with adequate pretreatment blood pressures. [Newberry (2005), Nitroglycerine (2011), Nitro (2011), Wolters (2009)] This study proposes to compare sublingual 0. 4 mg doses of nitroglycerin to placebo for the initial treatment of acute pain from suspected symptomatic cholelithiasis

Radial Artery Dilation Study: The Effect of Topical Administration of Nitroglycerin and Lidocaine Versus Lidocaine Alone of the Radial Artery Diameter [Completed]
The radial artery, which is located on the outer side of the forearm, can be used in interventional procedures, such as cardiac catheterization, to provide access to the arterial blood supply. In order to facilitate successful catheterization of the artery, a dilated artery and one free of arterial spasm is desirable. The proposed study will randomize twenty three healthy subjects to determine the effect of topical nitroglycerin on radial artery vasodilation. In the first phase of the study, which is a dose escalation study, each subject will receive either one or two inches of nitroglycerin in a blinded manner on one wrist and placebo on the other. Radial artery diameter will be measured with ultrasound at regular intervals up to two hours. The subjects will then return at a later date at which point they will receive the alternate dose on one wrist and placebo on the other. In the second phase of the study, we will randomize the same patients to a mixture of topical nitroglycerin and lidocaine or topical lidocaine alone. Measurements of radial artery diameter will be performed as in the first study.

MQX-503 vs Nitroglycerin Ointment: A Pharmacokinetic Comparison in Normal Subjects [Completed]
The purpose of the study is to measure how much nitroglycerin or its metabolites may be found in the bloodstream when MQX-503 or an FDA approved Nitroglycerin ointment 2% USP is applied to the skin of healthy subjects.

The Effect of Nitroglycerin on the Intrauterine Device (IUD) Insertion Experience in Nulliparous Women [Recruiting]
Increasing ease of access of long-acting birth control methods, like intrauterine devices (IUDs), is an important way to reduce the risk of unintended pregnancy. Unfortunately, fear of IUD insertion in women who have not had children is common among health care providers and women alike, and this limits IUD use. To increase acceptance of this highly effective birth control method, there is a need to explore new, low cost, and easily applied methods to improve the insertion experience. This is a pilot study to evaluate the effectiveness and acceptability of nitroglycerin ointment applied vaginally to improve the IUD insertion experience for both patient and provider. The investigators hypothesis is that nitroglycerin ointment will decrease the pain associated with IUD insertion.

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Reports of Suspected Nitroglycerin Side Effects

Completed Suicide (40)Syncope (18)Orthostatic Hypotension (14)Headache (13)Fall (13)Dyspnoea (13)Confusional State (11)Agitation (10)Drug Ineffective (10)Renal Failure Acute (10)more >>


Page last updated: 2011-12-09

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