ADVERSE REACTIONS
The adverse reactions caused by morphine are essentially those observed with other opioid analgesics. They include the following major hazards: respiratory depression, apnea, and to a lesser degree, circulatory depression, respiratory arrest, shock and cardiac arrest.
Most Frequently Observed
Constipation, lightheadedness, dizziness, sedation, nausea, vomiting, sweating, dysphoria and euphoria.
Some of these effects seem to be more prominent in ambulatory patients and in those not experiencing severe pain. Some adverse reactions in ambulatory patients may be alleviated if the patient lies down.
Less Frequently Observed Reactions
Central Nervous System
Weakness, headache, agitation, tremor, uncoordinated muscle movements, seizure, alterations of mood (nervousness, apprehension, depression, floating feelings), dreams, muscle rigidity, transient hallucinations and disorientation, visual disturbances, insomnia and increased intracranial pressure
Gastrointestinal
Dry mouth, biliary tract spasm, laryngospasm, anorexia, diarrhea, cramps, taste alterations, constipation, ileus, intestinal obstruction, and increases in hepatic enzymes
Cardiovascular
Flushing of the face, chills, tachycardia, bradycardia, palpitation, faintness, syncope, hypotension and hypertension
Genitourinary
Urine retention or hesitance, reduced libido and/or potency
Dermatologic
Pruritus, urticaria, other skin rashes, edema and diaphoresis
Other
Antidiuretic effect, paresthesia, muscle tremor, blurred vision, nystagmus, diplopia, miosis and anaphylaxis
|
