NEWS HIGHLIGHTS
Published Studies Related to Miochol-E (Acetylcholine)
Dianicline, a novel alpha4beta2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor partial agonist, for smoking cessation: a randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial. [2011.01]
INTRODUCTION: Dianicline is a alpha4beta2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor partial agonist, a class of drugs that includes varenicline and cytisine. Varenicline is efficacious for smoking cessation, while cytisine has not been studied systematically. The efficacy of dianicline has not been previously tested in an adequately powered study... CONCLUSIONS: Dianicline did not increase cigarette smoking abstinence rates beyond the initial phase of treatment. However, self-reported craving and nicotine withdrawal symptoms were reduced.
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor gene expression is altered in burn patients. [2010.05.01]
INTRODUCTION: Burn patients have been observed to be more susceptible to the hyperkalemic effect of the depolarizing muscle relaxant succinylcholine. Changes in nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunit composition may alter electrophysiologic, pharmacologic, and metabolic characteristics of the receptor inducing hyperkalemia on exposure to succinylcholine. No studies have been performed that show the upregulation and/or alteration of nAChR subunit composition in human burn patients. The scarcity of studies performed on humans with burn injury is mainly attributable to the technical and ethical difficulties in obtaining muscle biopsies at different time frames of illness in these acutely injured patients. nAChRs are expressed in oral keratinocytes and are upregulated or altered in smokers. However, no studies have addressed the expression of nAChRs in the oral mucosa of burn patients... CONCLUSION: Thermal injury may infer a systemic effect because upregulation/alteration of nAChRs occurs in nonmuscle tissues distant from the site of injury. The effect of thermal injury on nAChR gene subunits can be studied using a minimally invasive method (buccal mucosal scraping) and a highly sensitive technology (real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction) obviating the need for more invasive methods.
Acetylcholine-esterase inhibitor pyridostigmine decreases T cell overactivation in patients infected by HIV. [2009.08]
HIV infection is characterized by persistent immune activation, increased production of proinflammatory cytokines, and rapid T cell turnover...
Quantification of eccrine sweat glands with acetylcholine sweat-spot test and anatomical redistribution of sweating after T2-T3 thoracoscopic sympathicolysis. [2009.02]
BACKGROUND: In this study, patients treated by thoracoscopic sympathicolysis for palmar hyperhidrosis were evaluated to determine the number and response of sweat glands to intradermal acetylcholine stimulus... CONCLUSION: It is well-known that Cannon's law of denervation (1939) is not applicable to the sweat glands, that is, there is no hyperactivation following intradermal acetylcholine stimulation. However, some response, which increased over the first 6 months following surgery, was observed in our study. Nevertheless, this activation is subsequently self-limiting, resulting in no gland atrophy, and reinnervation occurs without patient awareness.
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor beta2 subunit gene implicated in a systems-based candidate gene study of smoking cessation. [2008.09.15]
Although the efficacy of pharmacotherapy for tobacco dependence has been previously demonstrated, there is substantial variability among individuals in treatment response. We performed a systems-based candidate gene study of 1295 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 58 genes within the neuronal nicotinic receptor and dopamine systems to investigate their role in smoking cessation in a bupropion placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial.
Clinical Trials Related to Miochol-E (Acetylcholine)
Storage Lesion in Banked Blood Due to Disruption of Nitric Oxide (NO) Homeostasis [Recruiting]
The purpose of this study is to explore the impact of aged blood on endothelial function by
measuring forearm blood flow during intra-arterial acetylcholine infusion in normal healthy
human volunteers after infusion of autologous blood stored for 5-10 days or 35-42 days.
Our hypothesis is that 1) the vasodilatory response to the infusion of acetylcholine will be
reduced in the 35-42 day group compared with the 5-10 day group, because of scavenging of
the NO released from the endothelium by the hemolytic process in the aged blood, 2) that the
infusion of aged stored blood will produce vasoconstriction, measured by reduced forearm
blood flow during infusion of the 35-42 day compared with the 5-10 day old blood, and that
3) there will be increases in venous levels of cell free plasma hemoglobin, red cell
microparticles, red cell membrane damage, arginase levels and activity, decreased arginine
levels, markers of oxidative stress (carbamylated proteins and nitrated tyrosine residues),
and increases in plasma in vitro NO consumption during the infusion of 35-42 day old
compared to 5-10 day old blood.
Treatment With Acetyl-Choline Esterase Inhibitors in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders [Recruiting]
We propose a study which will combine multiple modalities in evaluating the treatment
response of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) to acetyl-choline esterase (AChE)
inhibitors and choline supplements. The primary objective of the study is to examine the
efficacy of this treatment in improving core autistic symptoms. The Secondary objective of
the study is to evaluate the safety and tolerability of the treatment protocol in ASD
children. Exploratory objectives include evaluation of the influence of the treatment on
linguistic performance, comorbid behaviors, adaptive functioning and executive functions.
Clonidine-Induced Spinal Acetylcholine Release: Normal Volunteers vs. Neuropathic Pain [Recruiting]
The purpose of this study is to compare the amount of acetylcholine release after a single
injection of clonidine in normal volunteers and individuals with neuropathic pain.
Adenosine Receptors Influence Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury [Suspended]
Ischemic preconditioning is defined as the development of tolerance to ischemia-reperfusion
injury by a previous short bout of ischemia resulting in a marked reduction in infarct size.
This mechanism can be mimicked by several pharmacological substances such as acetylcholine
and adenosine.
To detect ischemia-reperfusion injury in humans in vivo Kharbanda et al. developed a method
in which endothelial dysfunction represents the effects of ischemic preconditioning. This
method, however, uses acetylcholine to measure endothelial function before and after forearm
ischemia. We, the investigators at Radboud University, hypothesize that the use of
acetylcholine in this model reduces ischemia-reperfusion injury. Therefore, we will compare
this protocol with a protocol in which endothelial function is only measured after ischemia.
We expect an increase in ischemia-reperfusion injury when endothelial function is only
measured after the forearm ischemia.
After determining the optimal method to measure ischemia-reperfusion injury of the vascular
endothelium we will determine the effect of acute and chronic caffeine, an adenosine receptor
antagonist, on ischemic preconditioning. With this study we expect to find that adenosine
mimics ischemic preconditioning of the vascular endothelium. Moreover, we expect to find that
acute caffeine intake reduces ischemia-reperfusion injury whereas chronic caffeine intake
does not. This study will increase our knowledge about the mechanism of ischemic
preconditioning and may also provide leads to exploit this endogenous protective mechanism in
a clinical setting.
Blood Markers for Inflammation and Coronary Artery Vasoreactivity Testing in Patients With Chest Pain and Normal Coronary Arteries [Recruiting]
The investigators are hoping to discover the cause of chest pain in patients with a normal
coronary arteriogram. For patients with chest pain coronary angiography is the standard
method by which the blood vessels of the heart can be visualized and any narrowing can be
assessed. In some cases the investigators find totally normal coronary blood vessels or only
minor disease. Such a finding is associated with an excellent long term prognosis. However,
as a large proportion of patients with normal coronary arteries or mild coronary narrowings
often continue to experience recurrent chest pains the investigators are interested in
understanding the mechanisms responsible for this. The investigators hypothesise that in
many cases, coronary artery spasms are responsible for the recurrent chest pains. These
spasms usually respond to treatment with drugs known as vasodilators. The acetylcholine test
(ACH-test) has been recommended by the European Society of Cardiology and the American
College of Cardiology as a diagnostic test. This test can reveal whether the coronary blood
vessels have a tendency to go into spasm. The investigators plan in this study to carry out
the test in patients who have chest pains suggestive of coronary narrowings but are found to
have normal or only mildly narrowed coronary arteries on angiography. A positive test
- indicating a tendency for spasm- may help guiding therapy with vasodilators, which are
often very effective to prevent coronary spasms. The investigators would also like to take
blood samples during the test (before and after) from every patient to measure blood markers
and see if there is a relation between these markers and the result of the ACH-test.
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