Minocin (Minocycline Hydrochloride) - Summary

MINOCIN SUMMARY

MINOCIN®

MINOCIN® minocycline hydrochloride, is a semisynthetic derivative of tetracycline.

MINOCIN® Pellet-Filled Capsules are indicated in the treatment of the following infections due to susceptible strains of the designated microorganisms:

• Rocky Mountain spotted fever, typhus fever and the typhus group, Q fever, rickettsialpox and tick fevers caused by rickettsiae.
• Respiratory tract infections caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae.
• Lymphogranuloma venereum caused by Chlamydia trachomatis.
• Psittacosis (Ornithosis) due to Chlamydia psittaci.
• Trachoma caused by Chlamydia trachomatis, although the infectious agent is not always eliminated, as judged by immunofluorescence.
• Inclusion conjunctivitis caused by Chlamydia trachomatis.
• Nongonococcal urethritis, endocervical, or rectal infections in adults caused by Ureaplasma urealyticum or Chlamydia trachomatis.
• Relapsing fever due to Borrelia recurrentis.
• Chancroid caused by Haemophilus ducreyi.
• Plague due to Yersinia pestis.
• Tularemia due to Francisella tularensis.
• Cholera caused by Vibrio cholerae.
• Campylobacter fetus infections caused by Campylobacter fetus.
• Brucellosis due to Brucella species (in conjunction with streptomycin).
• Bartonellosis due to Bartonella bacilliformis.
• Granuloma inguinale caused by Calymmatobacterium granulomatis.

Minocycline is indicated for the treatment of infections caused by the following gram-negative microorganisms when bacteriologic testing indicates appropriate susceptibility to the drug:

• Escherichia coli.
• Enterobacter aerogenes.
• Shigella species.
• Acinetobacter species.
• Respiratory tract infections caused by Haemophilus influenzae.
• Respiratory tract and urinary tract infections caused by Klebsiella species.

MINOCIN® Pellet-Filled Capsules are indicated for the treatment of infections caused by the following gram-positive microorganisms when bacteriologic testing indicates appropriate susceptibility to the drug:

• Upper respiratory tract infections caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae.
• Skin and skin structure infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus. (Note: Minocycline is not the drug of choice in the treatment of any type of staphylococcal infection.)

When penicillin is contraindicated, minocycline is an alternative drug in the treatment of the following infections:

• Uncomplicated urethritis in men due to Neisseria gonorrhoeae and for the treatment of other gonococcal infections.
• Infections in women caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
• Syphilis caused by Treponema pallidum subspecies pallidum.
• Yaws caused by Treponema pallidum subspecies pertenue.
• Listeriosis due to Listeria monocytogenes.
• Anthrax due to Bacillus anthracis.
• Vincent's infection caused by Fusobacterium fusiforme.
• Actinomycosis caused by Actinomyces israelii.
• Infections caused by Clostridium species.

In acute intestinal amebiasis, minocycline may be a useful adjunct to amebicides.

In severe acne, minocycline may be useful adjunctive therapy.

Oral minocycline is indicated in the treatment of asymptomatic carriers of Neisseria meningitidis to eliminate meningococci from the nasopharynx. In order to preserve the usefulness of minocycline in the treatment of asymptomatic meningococcal carriers, diagnostic laboratory procedures, including serotyping and susceptibility testing, should be performed to establish the carrier state and the correct treatment. It is recommended that the prophylactic use of minocycline be reserved for situations in which the risk of meningococcal meningitis is high.

Oral minocycline is not indicated for the treatment of meningococcal infection.

Although no controlled clinical efficacy studies have been conducted, limited clinical data show that oral minocycline hydrochloride has been used successfully in the treatment of infections caused by Mycobacterium marinum.

To reduce the development of drug-resistant bacteria and maintain the effectiveness of Minocin (minocycline hydrochloride) Pellet-Filled Capsules and other antibacterial drugs, Minocin (minocycline hydrochloride) Pellet-Filled Capsules should be used only to treat or prevent infections that are proven or strongly suspected to be caused by susceptible bacteria. When culture and susceptibility information are available, they should be considered in selecting or modifying antibacterial therapy. In the absence of such data, local epidemiology and susceptibility patterns may contribute to the empiric selection of therapy.

See all Minocin indications & dosage >>

NEWS HIGHLIGHTS

Published Studies Related to Minocin (Minocycline)

Minocycline-EDTA lock solution prevents catheter-related bacteremia in hemodialysis. [2011.10]
There is growing concern about the development of antibacterial resistance with the use of antibiotics in catheter lock solutions...

Minocycline treatment for HIV-associated cognitive impairment: results from a randomized trial. [2011.09.20]
OBJECTIVE: We conducted a study of minocycline to assess its safety, tolerability, and efficacy for the treatment of HIV-associated cognitive impairment... CONCLUSION: Minocycline was safe and well-tolerated in individuals with HIV-associated cognitive impairment, but cognitive improvement was not observed. Classification of evidence. This interventional study provides Class II evidence for the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of minocycline for the treatment of HIV-associated cognitive impairment.

Clinical and biochemical efficacy of minocycline in nonsurgical periodontal therapy: a randomized controlled pilot study. [2011.06]
The present study evaluated the effects of systemic minocycline on clinical and biochemical parameters of chronic periodontitis, which is a common inflammatory disorder of the periodontium initiated by the presence of bacteria in the gingival sulcus...

Non-surgical periodontal therapy with and without subgingival minocycline administration in patients with poorly controlled type II diabetes: a randomized controlled clinical trial. [2011.03.18]
The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in clinical parameters and levels of inflammatory biomarkers in plasma in periodontal patients with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) after non-surgical periodontal therapy. Twenty-eight poorly controlled T2DM patients were randomly assigned to treatment with scaling and root planning (SRP) and SRP + subgingival minocycline administration...

A randomised controlled trial assessing the effect of adding clarithromycin to rifampicin, ofloxacin and minocycline in the treatment of single lesion paucibacillary leprosy in Agra District, India. [2011.03]
AIM: To assess if there is any additional short and long-term effect of adding clarithromycin to rifampicin, ofloxacin and minocycline (ROM), the combination here after called C-ROM, in treating single lesion PB leprosy detected in the field... CONCLUSION: The study shows that addition of clarithromycin to ROM does not significantly improve the efficacy as measured in terms of cure rates and relapse rates in single skin lesion leprosy patients.

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Clinical Trials Related to Minocin (Minocycline)

A Study for Reducing Symptom Burden Produced by Chemoradiation Treatment for Non Small Cell Lung Cancer by Minocycline and Armodafinil [Recruiting]
The goal of this clinical research study is to compare armodafinil and minocycline when given alone or in combination to learn which is better for controlling symptoms, such as the side effects of chemoradiation, when given to treat lung cancer.

Adjunctive Minocycline in Clozapine Treated Schizophrenia Patients [Recruiting]
Schizophrenia is a devastating and costly illness. One-third to one-half of people with schizophrenia do not respond to the most current drugs leaving clozapine as the best alternative for treatment. However, over 60% of people treated with clozapine continue to have persistent symptoms and cognitive impairments. Little data is available to support evidence-based recommendations to guide clinicians in treating these patients. Preliminary data has suggested that adjunct treatment with minocycline may offer robust symptom improvement in patients with schizophrenia, including those taking clozapine. Minocycline has had interesting effects; including suggesting it may have a significant role in treatment of neurologic and psychiatric disorders. Minocycline is currently available generically; its side effects are well-described and minimal. The proposed double-blind treatment study seeks to demonstrate that adjunctive minocycline offers patients superior efficacy for persistent positive symptoms, cognitive impairments, and/or other components of schizophrenia pathology. This knowledge could lead to the more effective treatment of patients with schizophrenia. The research itself may lead to a better understanding of the pathophysiology of positive symptoms and cognitive impairments, which could contribute to improved treatments in the future.

Minocycline and Aspirin in the Treatment of Bipolar Depression [Not yet recruiting]
The purpose of this study is to determine whether Minocycline and aspirin are effective in the treatment of depression in Bipolar patients.

Evaluating the Efficacy of Adjunctive Minocycline for the Treatment of Bipolar Depression [Recruiting]
Long-term studies have emphasized that depressive symptoms and episodes account for majority of the illness burden experienced by individuals with bipolar disorder (BD). Previous studies have shown that blood levels of proteins called pro-inflammatory cytokines are abnormal in individuals with bipolar depression. The investigators hypothesize that preventing the production or release of pro-inflammatory cytokines will result in improvement of depressive symptoms in individuals with bipolar depression. Minocycline is a medication that inhibits the activation of immune cells (i. e. microglia) in the brain and reduces the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Treatment with minocycline has been shown to have antidepressant-like effects in animal studies and improve symptoms of individuals with schizophrenia. In this study, minocycline (100 mg twice a day) will be administered for 8 weeks to determine if it is an efficacious antidepressant for individuals with bipolar depression.

Minocycline in Clinically Isolated Syndromes (CIS) [Recruiting]
The aim of the trial is to demonstrate that 100 mg of oral minocycline twice daily reduces the conversion of CIS to McDonald Criteria MS (McDMS) by an absolute 25% as compared to placebo, over a 6 month follow-up period (primary outcome).

A key secondary outcome is to confirm that this early treatment benefit is maintained at two years.

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PATIENT REVIEWS / RATINGS / COMMENTS

Minocin review by 26 year old female patient
		Rating
Overall rating:
Effectiveness:		Highly Effective
Side effects:		Moderate Side Effects
		Treatment Info
Condition / reason:		Cystic Acne
Dosage & duration:		50 MG taken twice a day for the period of About 4 years
Other conditions:		None
Other drugs taken:		just vitamin supplements
		Reported Results
Benefits:		My cystic acne was reduced. My face did clear up consistently with the help of the pills and creams such as retin-a.
Side effects:		I needed to take the pills with lots of water, so I was always taking trips to the bathroom. I was on this pill for a long time, and I dont know if the constant ringing of my ears was a side effect, I did visit an ear doctor for this problem I thought was tinnitus but the doctor assured me the minocin had nothing to do with it. The ringing of the ears continued for about a year after I stopped taking minocycline. Occasionally I still get a ringing of the years, it can be sudden but lasts for a second or so...I was never diagnosed with tinnutus, but the ringing did lessen until it left after i stopped the pills.
Comments:		I was to take the pills twice a day with water. I took one in the morning after I ate, and one at night with plenty of water....after a year my body became resistant to the pill and stopped working, and i started taking higher doses without my doctors consent..which was wrong of me and dangerous and maybe that is why the ringing of my ears began...but I was obssessed with clearing up my acne. I was young, I believe i was 17 or eighteen when i started minocin and was on and off it for about 4 years.

Minocin review by 39 year old female patient
		Rating
Overall rating:
Effectiveness:		Marginally Effective
Side effects:		Mild Side Effects
		Treatment Info
Condition / reason:		Acne
Dosage & duration:		100 MG taken 1 x per day for the period of 1 year
Other conditions:		None
Other drugs taken:		none
		Reported Results
Benefits:		It reduced the severity of acne eruptions.
Side effects:		Upset stomach; yeast infections
Comments:		I first starting taking it for frequent adult acne. The medication did work, and I quit taking it. But the acne returned so I went back on the Minocin. After 3 months on, I had frequent vaginal yeast infections, but no acne. I have been taking it for a year, and it no longer clears up the acne eruptions.

Minocin review by 39 year old female patient
		Rating
Overall rating:
Effectiveness:		Marginally Effective
Side effects:		Mild Side Effects
		Treatment Info
Condition / reason:		Acne
Dosage & duration:		100 MG taken 1 x per day for the period of 1 year
Other conditions:		None
Other drugs taken:		none
		Reported Results
Benefits:		It reduced the severity of acne eruptions.
Side effects:		Upset stomach; yeast infections
Comments:		I first starting taking it for frequent adult acne. The medication did work, and I quit taking it. But the acne returned so I went back on the Minocin. After 3 months on, I had frequent vaginal yeast infections, but no acne. I have been taking it for a year, and it no longer clears up the acne eruptions.