Milrinone in Dextrose (Milrinone Lactate) - Summary

SUMMARY

Milrinone lactate is a member of a new class of bipyridine inotropic/vasodilator agents with phosphodiesterase inhibitor activity, distinct from digitalis glycosides or catecholamines.

Milrinone is indicated for the short-term intravenous treatment of patients with acute decompensated heart failure. Patients receiving milrinone should be observed closely with appropriate electrocardiographic equipment. The facility for immediate treatment of potential cardiac events, which may include life-threatening ventricular arrythmias, must be available. The majority of experience with intravenous milrinone has been in patients receiving digoxin and diuretics. There is no experience in controlled trials with infusions of milrinone for periods exceeding 48 hours.

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NEWS HIGHLIGHTS

Media Articles Related to Milrinone in Dextrose (Milrinone)

Heart Failure Quiz
Source: MedicineNet Pulmonary Hypertension Specialty [2017.09.19]
Title: Heart Failure Quiz
Category: MedicineNet Quiz
Created: 4/25/2017 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 9/19/2017 7:32:02 PM

Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) Symptoms, Stages, and Prognosis
Source: MedicineNet Amyloidosis Specialty [2017.08.11]
Title: Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) Symptoms, Stages, and Prognosis
Category: Diseases and Conditions
Created: 12/31/1997 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 8/11/2017 12:00:00 AM

Prices of Generic Heart Failure Drugs Vary Widely
Source: MedicineNet carvedilol Specialty [2016.11.16]
Title: Prices of Generic Heart Failure Drugs Vary Widely
Category: Health News
Created: 11/15/2016 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 11/16/2016 12:00:00 AM

Device Plus 'Aggressive' Drug Strategy May Curb Severe Heart Failure
Source: MedicineNet carvedilol Specialty [2016.11.14]
Title: Device Plus 'Aggressive' Drug Strategy May Curb Severe Heart Failure
Category: Health News
Created: 11/13/2016 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 11/14/2016 12:00:00 AM

Could Prescribed NSAID Painkillers Raise Heart Failure Risk?
Source: MedicineNet piroxicam Specialty [2016.09.29]
Title: Could Prescribed NSAID Painkillers Raise Heart Failure Risk?
Category: Health News
Created: 9/28/2016 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 9/29/2016 12:00:00 AM

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Published Studies Related to Milrinone in Dextrose (Milrinone)

Low central venous pressure with milrinone during living donor hepatectomy. [2010.04]
Maintaining a low central venous pressure (CVP) has been frequently used in liver resections to reduce blood loss. However, decreased preload carries potential risks such as hemodynamic instability... Milrinone-induced low CVP improves the surgical field with less blood loss during living donor hepatectomy and also has favorable effects on intraoperative hemodynamics and postoperative recovery.

Effect of milrinone on short-term outcome of patients with myocardial dysfunction undergoing coronary artery bypass graft: A randomized controlled trial. [2010]
BACKGROUND: Myocardial dysfunction needing inotropic support is a typical complication after on-pump cardiac surgery. In this study, we evaluate the effect of milrinone on patients with ventricular dysfunction undergoing coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)... CONCLUSIONS: We suggest that perioperative administration of milrinone in patients undergoing on-pump CABG, especially those with low LVEF, is beneficial.

Randomized trial of milrinone versus placebo for prevention of low systemic blood flow in very preterm infants. [2009.02]
OBJECTIVE: To assess the effectiveness of early prophylactic milrinone versus placebo for prevention of low systemic blood flow in high-risk preterm infants... CONCLUSIONS: Milrinone did not prevent low systemic blood flow during the first 24 hours in very preterm infants, and no adverse effects were attributable to milrinone. Use of a preventative treatment with rescue model allowed comparison of an inotrope with placebo in this high-risk group of infants.

Milrinone use is associated with postoperative atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery. [2008.10.14]
CONCLUSIONS: Milrinone use is an independent risk factor for postoperative AF after elective cardiac surgery.

Randomized Trial of Milrinone Versus Placebo for Prevention of Low Systemic Blood Flow in Very Preterm Infants. [2008.09.24]
OBJECTIVE: To assess the effectiveness of early prophylactic milrinone versus placebo for prevention of low systemic blood flow in high-risk preterm infants... CONCLUSIONS: Milrinone did not prevent low systemic blood flow during the first 24 hours in very preterm infants, and no adverse effects were attributable to milrinone. Use of a preventative treatment with rescue model allowed comparison of an inotrope with placebo in this high-risk group of infants.

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Clinical Trials Related to Milrinone in Dextrose (Milrinone)

Milrinone Inhaled in Cardiac Surgery [Completed]
Pulmonary hypertension is an important morbidity factor in patients having to undergo cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (ECC). Milrinone used in inhalation, shows evidence of being a pulmonary vasodilator able to possibly contribute to the reduction of pressure on the pulmonary artery.

Nebulized Inhaled Milrinone in a Hospitalized Advanced Heart Failure Population Awaiting Cardiac Transplantation [Suspended]
Patients with end stage heart failure have significant symptoms (including fatigue and shortness of breath) which prevent them from being able to perform most activities of daily living. Milrinone is one of the inotropic medications that has been studied and used in the treatment of end stage heart failure. End stage heart failure patients awaiting a heart transplantation often have to be maintained on IV milrinone 24 hours a day through a chronic IV line. Two problems arise with this therapy. First, the IV line itself creates an opportunity for infection and blood clots, in addition to interfering with patient's quality of life. Second, patients may be exposed to higher levels of milrinone when given IV than are necessary for maintaining their heart's function. The investigators goal is to show that inhaled milrinone is equivalent to "standard of care" IV milrinone in improving heart and lung pressures in end stage heart failure patients (who respond to milrinone therapy) in a prospective, randomized, controlled clinical trial. Patients who are sent for a right heart catheterization procedure by their cardiologist to determine if they require milrinone while awaiting heart transplantation will be randomly chosen to be in the continuous IV milrinone group or the inhaled milrinone group after agreeing to participate in this study. Patients in the inhaled milrinone group will receive 6mg in 6ml of fluid inhaled by a vibrating mesh nebulizer every 4 hours. Patients in the IV arm will receive a constant IV infusion rate. Both groups will have a repeat right heart catheterization procedure an average of 48 hours after milrinone initiation to evaluate their response to milrinone. Afterward, all patients that respond will be placed on the standard of care IV milrinone for the duration of their therapy, as directed by their cardiologist.

Inhaled Milrinone in Cardiac Surgery [Completed]
The purpose of this study is to investigate the concentration-effect relationship of inhaled milrinone after prophylactic administration in cardiac surgical patients with preoperative pulmonary hypertension undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass.

Evaluating Precision of Therapy - Milrinone [Recruiting]
Children with congenital heart disease have significant morbidity including low cardiac output syndrome and subsequent organ dysfunction that may be prevented by optimization of circulatory function. More than half of these children receive milrinone. Clinical evaluation cannot distinguish between patients with sub-therapeutic, therapeutic, and toxic milrinone drug levels. Consequently children who require pharmacologic circulatory support may be receiving sub-optimal dosing, and children who do not need milrinone may be receiving milrinone unnecessarily. The primary objective of this study is to determine if optimizing milrinone levels with therapeutic drug monitoring in critically ill children following cardiac surgery improves clinical outcomes and reduces the duration of milrinone infusion. This study hypothesizes that optimizing milrinone levels with therapeutic drug monitoring in critically ill children following cardiac surgery will improve clinical outcomes and reduce the duration of milrinone infusion.

Effect of Brief Nebulization of Milrinone on Pulmonary Arterial Pressure Before Cardiopulmonary Bypass on Mitral Valve Surgery Patients [Completed]
Our main hypothesis is that inhalation of milrinone can reduce the elevated pulmonary arterial pressure due to severe mitral valve regurgitation without compromising systemic hemodynamics. Therefore, the effects of a brief inhaled milrinone (IH) on pulmonary artery pressure are determined and compared to those of intravenous milrinone (IV) in severe mitral regurgitation patients undergoing mitral valve surgery.

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