KETAMINE SUMMARY
Ketamine hydrochloride is a nonbarbiturate anesthetic chemically designated (±)-2-(o -Chlorophenyl)-2-(methylamino) cyclohexanone hydrochloride. It is formulated as a slightly acid (pH 3.5 to 5.5) sterile solution for intravenous or intramuscular injection in concentrations containing the equivalent of either 50 or 100 mg ketamine base per milliliter and contains not more than 0.1 mg/mL benzethonium chloride added as a preservative.
Ketamine hydrochloride injection is indicated as the sole anesthetic agent for diagnostic and surgical procedures that do not require skeletal muscle relaxation. Ketamine hydrochloride injection is best suited for short procedures but it can be used, with additional doses, for longer procedures.
Ketamine hydrochloride injection is indicated for the induction of anesthesia prior to the administration of other general anesthetic agents.
Ketamine hydrochloride injection is indicated to supplement low-potency agents, such as nitrous oxide.
Specific areas of application are described in the CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY section.
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NEWS HIGHLIGHTSMedia Articles Related to Ketamine
Publication Of First Ever Large-Scale Study Of Ketamine Users
Source: Alcohol / Addiction / Illegal Drugs News From Medical News Today [2009.11.17]
The first ever large-scale, longitudinal study of ketamine users has been published online in the journal Addiction. With Ketamine (K, Special K) use increasing faster than any other drug in the UK (British Crime Survey, 2008) this research showing the consequences of repeated ketamine use provides valuable information for users and addiction professionals alike.
Abdominal Surgery Without General Anesthesia
Source: GastroIntestinal / Gastroenterology News From Medical News Today [2009.11.04]
A recent review in Faculty of 1000 Medicine Reports, a publication in which clinicians highlight advances in medical practice, suggests regional pain relief could be used during abdominal surgery. In this review, Michael Schaefer recommends a new approach that can be performed without the need for general anaesthetics.
Anesthesia, Exertional Heat Deaths May Be Linked
Source: MedicineNet Hyperthermia Specialty [2009.10.26]
Title: Anesthesia, Exertional Heat Deaths May Be Linked
Category: Health News
Created: 10/23/2009 4:10:00 PM
Last Editorial Review: 10/26/2009
Anesthesia in Youngest Kids May be Linked to Learning Disabilities
Source: MedicineNet Hernia Specialty [2009.03.25]
Title: Anesthesia in Youngest Kids May be Linked to Learning Disabilities
Category: Health News
Created: 3/25/2009 2:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 3/25/2009
Need For Emergency Airway Surgery For Hard-to-Intubate Patients Reduced
Source: Respiratory / Asthma News From Medical News Today [2009.11.18]
Be prepared, that old Boy Scout motto, is being applied with great success to operating room patients whose anatomy may make it difficult for physicians to help them breathe during surgery, Johns Hopkins researchers report in a new study. When patients undergo general anesthesia, they stop breathing on their own and anesthesiologists must quickly insert a tube into the airway as a first step in machine-assisted breathing.
Published Studies Related to Ketamine
Ketamine produces effective and long-term pain relief in patients with Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type 1. [2009.10]
Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type 1 (CRPS-1) responds poorly to standard pain treatment... Treatment with ketamine was safe with psychomimetic side effects that were acceptable to most patients.
Outpatient intravenous ketamine for the treatment of complex regional pain syndrome: A double-blind placebo controlled study. [2009.09.22]
Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a severe chronic pain condition that most often develops following trauma. The pathophysiology of CRPS is not known but both clinical and experimental evidence demonstrate the important of the NMDA receptor and glial activation in its induction and maintenance...
Ketamine attenuates post-operative cognitive dysfunction after cardiac surgery. [2009.08]
BACKGROUND: Post-operative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) commonly occurs after cardiac surgery. Ketamine exerts neuroprotective effects after cerebral ischemia by anti-excitotoxic and anti-inflammatory mechanisms. We hypothesized that ketamine attenuates POCD in patients undergoing cardiac surgery concomitant with an anti-inflammatory effect... CONCLUSIONS: Ketamine attenuates POCD 1 week after cardiac surgery and this effect may be related to the anti-inflammatory action of the drug.
Etomidate versus ketamine for rapid sequence intubation in acutely ill patients: a multicentre randomised controlled trial. [2009.07.25]
BACKGROUND: Critically ill patients often require emergency intubation. The use of etomidate as the sedative agent in this context has been challenged because it might cause a reversible adrenal insufficiency, potentially associated with increased in-hospital morbidity. We compared early and 28-day morbidity after a single dose of etomidate or ketamine used for emergency endotracheal intubation of critically ill patients... INTERPRETATION: Our results show that ketamine is a safe and valuable alternative to etomidate for endotracheal intubation in critically ill patients, and should be considered in those with sepsis. FUNDING: French Ministry of Health.
Effects of intravenous small dose ketamine and midazolam on postoperative pain following knee arthroscopy. [2009.07]
BACKGROUND: The aim of this randomized, double blind, controlled study was to assess the effect of intravenous coadministration of small dose midazolam with ketamine on postoperative pain and spinal block level... CONCLUSION: Ketamine improved the postoperative pain patient satisfaction, increased the maximal sensory level, and was associated with lower sedation scores in the first 15 minutes after administration. Group I was also associated with decreased total meperidine consumption and delayed the time to first recue analgesic administration. Coadministration of ketamine and midazolam did not provide any further benefit over ketamine alone.
Clinical Trials Related to Ketamine
Ketamine on Acute Pain in Females and Males [Completed]
The purpose of the study is to determine whether equal subanesthetic doses of racemic
ketamine is equally effective on females and males after surgical removal of third molars
Ketamine Improves Post-Thoracotomy Analgesia [Completed]
Thoracotomy for lung tumor or for minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass (MIDCAB)
surgery, may be associated with debilitating pain. Ketamine was shown to enhance opioid
antinociception and prevent opioid resistance. We hypothesize that ketamine given with
morphine would lower morphine consumption and narcotic related side effects after thoracotomy
and provide superior analgesia to morphine given alone.
Ketamine Frequency Treatment for Major Depressive Disorder [Enrolling by invitation]
Depression is a wide spread illness. Depression contributes most significantly to national
health care costs. While the number and types of treatments used for depression have expanded
over the years, even with an increased range of options, the response rate, defined as the
number of subjects who have a 50% reduction in depressive symptoms, is estimated to be around
65%.
In this pilot study we will assess the feasibility of conducting a randomized clinical trial
that will examine the frequency of treatment with ketamine in patients with TDR without
psychosis. It will compare two modes of the ketamine treatment; every other day ketamine,
versus two active and four placebo treatments over the period of 12 days.
KETOR: Effects of Peri Operative Administration of Ketamine on Long Term Post Thoracotomy Pain [Completed]
Assessing the Effects of a Nasal Corticosteroid on PMI-150 (Intranasal Ketamine) [Completed]
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