DOSAGE & ADMINISTRATION
- Individualize dosing regimen for each patient, and adjust based on INR response. (2.1, 2.2)
- Knowledge of genotype can inform initial dose selection. (2.3)
- Monitoring: Obtain daily INR determinations upon initiation until stable in the therapeutic range. Obtain subsequent INR determinations every 1 to 4 weeks. (2.4)
- Review conversion instructions from other anticoagulants. (2.8)
The dosage and administration of JANTOVEN must be individualized for each patient according to the patient's INR response to the drug. Adjust the dose based on the patient's INR and the condition being treated. Consult the latest evidence-based clinical practice guidelines from the American College of Chest Physicians (ACCP) to assist in the determination of the duration and intensity of anticoagulation with JANTOVEN [see
References (15)
].
An INR of greater than 4.0 appears to provide no additional therapeutic benefit in most patients and is associated with a higher risk of bleeding.
Venous Thromboembolism (including deep venous thrombosis [DVT] and PE)
Adjust the warfarin dose to maintain a target INR of 2.5 (INR range, 2.0-3.0) for all treatment durations. The duration of treatment is based on the indication as follows:
- For patients with a DVT or PE secondary to a transient (reversible) risk factor, treatment with warfarin for 3 months is recommended.
- For patients with an unprovoked DVT or PE, treatment with warfarin is recommended for at least 3 months. After 3 months of therapy, evaluate the risk-benefit ratio of long-term treatment for the individual patient.
- For patients with two episodes of unprovoked DVT or PE, long-term treatment with warfarin is recommended. For a patient receiving long-term anticoagulant treatment, periodically reassess the risk-benefit ratio of continuing such treatment in the individual patient.
Atrial Fibrillation
In patients with non-valvular AF, anticoagulate with warfarin to target INR of 2.5 (range, 2.0-3.0).
- In patients with non-valvular AF that is persistent or paroxysmal and at high risk of stroke (i.e., having any of the following features: prior ischemic stroke, transient ischemic attack, or systemic embolism, or 2 of the following risk factors: age greater than 75 years, moderately or severely impaired left ventricular systolic function and/or heart failure, history of hypertension, or diabetes mellitus), long-term anticoagulation with warfarin is recommended.
- In patients with non-valvular AF that is persistent or paroxysmal and at an intermediate risk of ischemic stroke (i.e., having 1 of the following risk factors: age greater than 75 years, moderately or severely impaired left ventricular systolic function and/or heart failure, history of hypertension, or diabetes mellitus), long-term anticoagulation with warfarin is recommended.
- For patients with AF and mitral stenosis, long-term anticoagulation with warfarin is recommended.
- For patients with AF and prosthetic heart valves, long-term anticoagulation with warfarin is recommended; the target INR may be increased and aspirin added depending on valve type and position, and on patient factors.
Mechanical and Bioprosthetic Heart Valves
- For patients with a bileaflet mechanical valve or a Medtronic Hall (Minneapolis, MN) tilting disk valve in the aortic position who are in sinus rhythm and without left atrial enlargement, therapy with warfarin to a target INR of 2.5 (range, 2.0-3.0) is recommended.
- For patients with tilting disk valves and bileaflet mechanical valves in the mitral position, therapy with warfarin to a target INR of 3.0 (range, 2.5-3.5) is recommended.
- For patients with caged ball or caged disk valves, therapy with warfarin to a target INR of 3.0 (range, 2.5-3.5) is recommended.
- For patients with a bioprosthetic valve in the mitral position, therapy with warfarin to a target INR of 2.5 (range, 2.0-3.0) for the first 3 months after valve insertion is recommended. If additional risk factors for thromboembolism are present (AF, previous thromboembolism, left ventricular dysfunction), a target INR of 2.5 (range, 2.0-3.0) is recommended.
Post-Myocardial Infarction
- For high-risk patients with MI (e.g., those with a large anterior MI, those with significant heart failure, those with intracardiac thrombus visible on transthoracic echocardiography, those with AF, and those with a history of a thromboembolic event), therapy with combined moderate-intensity (INR, 2.0-3.0) warfarin plus low-dose aspirin (≤100 mg/day) for at least 3 months after the MI is recommended.
Recurrent Systemic Embolism and Other Indications
Oral anticoagulation therapy with warfarin has not been fully evaluated by clinical trials in patients with valvular disease associated with AF, patients with mitral stenosis, and patients with recurrent systemic embolism of unknown etiology. However, a moderate dose regimen (INR 2.0-3.0) may be used for these patients.
The appropriate initial dosing of JANTOVEN varies widely for different patients. Not all factors responsible for warfarin dose variability are known, and the initial dose is influenced by:
- Clinical factors including age, race, body weight, sex, concomitant medications, and comorbidities
- Genetic factors (CYP2C9 and VKORC1 genotypes) [see
Clinical Pharmacology (12.5)
]
Select the initial dose based on the expected maintenance dose, taking into account the above factors. Modify this dose based on consideration of patient-specific clinical factors. Consider lower initial and maintenance doses for elderly and/or debilitated patients and in Asian patients [see
Use in Specific Populations (8.5)
and
Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)
]. Routine use of loading doses is not recommended as this practice may increase hemorrhagic and other complications and does not offer more rapid protection against clot formation.
Individualize the duration of therapy for each patient. In general, anticoagulant therapy should be continued until the danger of thrombosis and embolism has passed [see
Dosage and Administration (2.2)
].
Dosing Recommendations without Consideration of Genotype
If the patient's CYP2C9 and VKORC1 genotypes are not known, the initial dose of COUMADIN is usually 2 to 5 mg once daily. Determine each patient's dosing needs by close monitoring of the INR response and consideration of the indication being treated. Typical maintenance doses are 2 to 10 mg once daily.
Dosing Recommendations with Consideration of Genotype
Table 1 displays three ranges of expected maintenance JANTOVEN doses observed in subgroups of patients having different combinations of CYP2C9 and VKORC1 gene variants [see
Clinical Pharmacology (12.5)
]. If the patient's CYP2C9 and/or VKORC1 genotype are known, consider these ranges in choosing the initial dose. Patients with CYP2C9 *1/*3, *2/*2, *2/*3, and *3/*3 may require more prolonged time (>2 to 4 weeks) to achieve maximum INR effect for a given dosage regimen than patients without these CYP variants.
Table 1: Three Ranges of Expected Maintenance JANTOVEN Daily Doses Based on CYP2C9 and VKORC1 Genotypes *
| VKORC1 |
CYP2C9 |
|
*1/*1 |
*1/*2 |
*1/*3 |
*2/*2 |
*2/*3 |
*3/*3 |
| GG |
5-7 mg |
5-7 mg |
3-4 mg |
3-4 mg |
3-4 mg |
0.5-2 mg |
| AG |
5-7 mg |
3-4 mg |
3-4 mg |
3-4 mg |
0.5-2 mg |
0.5-2 mg |
| AA |
3-4 mg |
3-4 mg |
0.5-2 mg |
0.5-2 mg |
0.5-2 mg |
0.5-2 mg |
Ranges are derived from multiple published clinical studies. VKORC1 –1639G>A (rs9923231) variant is used in this table. Other co-inherited VKORC1 variants may also be important determinants of warfarin dose.
JANTOVEN is a narrow therapeutic range (index) drug, and its action may be affected by factors such as other drugs and dietary vitamin K. Therefore, anticoagulation must be carefully monitored during JANTOVEN therapy. Determine the INR daily after the administration of the initial dose until INR results stabilize in the therapeutic range. After stabilization, maintain dosing within the therapeutic range by performing periodic INRs. The frequency of performing INR should be based on the clinical situation but generally acceptable intervals for INR determinations are 1 to 4 weeks. Perform additional INR tests when other warfarin products are interchanged with JANTOVEN, as well as whenever other medications are initiated, discontinued, or taken irregularly. Heparin, a common concomitant drug, increases the INR [see
Dosage and Administration (2.8)
and
Drug Interactions (7)
].
Determinations of whole blood clotting and bleeding times are not effective measures for monitoring of JANTOVEN therapy.
The anticoagulant effect of JANTOVEN persists beyond 24 hours. If a patient misses a dose of JANTOVEN at the intended time of day, the patient should take the dose as soon as possible on the same day. The patient should not double the dose the next day to make up for a missed dose.
Some dental or surgical procedures may necessitate the interruption or change in the dose of JANTOVEN therapy. Consider the benefits and risks when discontinuing JANTOVEN even for a short period of time. Determine the INR immediately prior to any dental or surgical procedure. In patients undergoing minimally invasive procedures who must be anticoagulated prior to, during, or immediately following these procedures, adjusting the dosage of JANTOVEN to maintain the INR at the low end of the therapeutic range may safely allow for continued anticoagulation.
Heparin
Since the full anticoagulant effect of JANTOVEN is not achieved for several days, heparin is preferred for initial rapid anticoagulation. During initial therapy with JANTOVEN, the interference with heparin anticoagulation is of minimal clinical significance. Conversion to JANTOVEN may begin concomitantly with heparin therapy or may be delayed 3 to 6 days. To ensure therapeutic anticoagulation, continue full dose heparin therapy and overlap JANTOVEN therapy with heparin for 4 to 5 days and until JANTOVEN has produced the desired therapeutic response as determined by INR, at which point heparin may be discontinued.
As heparin may affect the INR, patients receiving both heparin and JANTOVEN should have INR monitoring at least:
- 5 hours after the last intravenous bolus dose of heparin, or
- 4 hours after cessation of a continuous intravenous infusion of heparin, or
- 24 hours after the last subcutaneous heparin injection.
JANTOVEN may increase the activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) test, even in the absence of heparin. A severe elevation (>50 seconds) in aPTT with an INR in the desired range has been identified as an indication of increased risk of postoperative hemorrhage.
Other Anticoagulants
Consult the labeling of other anticoagulants for instructions on conversion to JANTOVEN.
DOSAGE FORMS & STRENGTHS
JANTOVEN tablets are single scored, compressed tablets with one side scored and debossed with WRF above the score and 1, 2, 2½, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7½, or 10 below the score and with 832 debossed on the opposite side.
JANTOVEN tablets are supplied in the following strengths:
JANTOVEN Tablets
| Strength |
Color |
| 1 mg |
pink |
| 2 mg |
lavender |
| 2½ mg |
green |
| 3 mg |
tan |
| 4 mg |
blue |
| 5 mg |
peach |
| 6 mg |
teal |
| 7½ mg |
yellow |
| 10 mg |
white (dye-free) |
|
HOW SUPPLIED
Tablets
JANTOVEN tablets are single scored, compressed tablets with one side scored and debossed with WRF above the score and 1, 2, 2½, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7½, or 10 below the score and with 832 debossed on the opposite side. JANTOVEN is available in bottles and unit-dose blister packages with potencies and colors as follows:
1 mg - Compressed tablet, pink, round; in bottles of 100 (NDC 0832-1211-00) and 1000 (NDC 0832-1211-10) and in unit dose cartons of 100 tablets (10 cards containing 10 tablets each) (NDC 0832-1211-01).
2 mg - Compressed tablet, lavender, round; in bottles of 100 (NDC 0832-1212-00) and 1000 (NDC 0832-1212-10) and in unit dose cartons of 100 tablets (10 cards containing 10 tablets each) (NDC 0832-1212-01).
2½ mg -Compressed tablet, green, round; in bottles of 100 (NDC 0832-1213-00) and 1000 (NDC 0832-1213-10) and in unit dose cartons of 100 tablets (10 cards containing 10 tablets each) (0832-1213-01).
3 mg - Compressed tablet, tan, round; in bottles of 100 (NDC 0832-1214-00) and 1000 (NDC 0832-1214-10) and in unit dose cartons of 100 tablets (10 cards containing 10 tablets each) (NDC 0832-1214-01).
4 mg - Compressed tablet, blue, round; in bottles of 100 (NDC 0832-1215-00) and 1000 (NDC 0832-1215-10) and in unit dose cartons of 100 tablets (10 cards containing 10 tablets each) (NDC 0832-1215-01).
5 mg - Compressed tablet, peach, round; in bottles of 100 (NDC 0832-1216-00) and 1000 (NDC 0832-1216-10) and in unit dose cartons of 100 tablets (10 cards containing 10 tablets each) (NDC 0832-1216-01).
6 mg - Compressed tablet, teal, round; in bottles of 100 (NDC 0832-1217-00) and 1000 (NDC 0832-1217-10) and in unit dose cartons of 100 tablets (10 cards containing 10 tablets each) (NDC 0832-1217-01).
7½ mg - Compressed tablet, yellow, round; in bottles of 100 (NDC 0832-1218-00) and 500 (NDC 0832-1218-50) and in unit dose cartons of 100 tablets (10 cards containing 10 tablets each) (NDC 0832-1218-01).
10 mg- Compressed tablet, white, round; in bottles of 100 (NDC 0832-1219-00) and 500 (NDC 0832-1219-50) and in unit dose cartons of 100 tablets (10 cards containing 10 tablets each) (NDC 0832-1219-01).
Store at 20-25°C (68-77°F). Excursions permitted to 15-30°C (59-86°F). [See USP Controlled Room Temperature.] Protect from light and moisture. Dispense in a tight, light-resistant container with a child-resistant closure.
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