DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION
50 mcg = 0.05 mg = 1 mL
Dosage should be individualized. Some of the factors to be considered in determining the dose are age, body weight, physical status, underlying pathological condition, use of other drugs, type of anesthesia to be used and the surgical procedure involved. Dosage should be reduced in elderly or debilitated patients (see PRECAUTIONS).
Vital signs should be monitored routinely.
I. Premedication — Premedication (to be appropriately modified in the elderly, debilitated, and those who have received other depressant drugs)—50 mcg to 100 mcg (0.05 mg to 0.1 mg) (1 mL to 2 mL) may be administered intramuscularly 30 to 60 minutes prior to surgery.
II. Adjunct to General Anesthesia — See Dosage Range Chart
III. Adjunct to Regional Anesthesia — 50 mcg to 100 mcg (0.05 mg to 0.1 mg) (1 mL to 2 mL) may be administered intramuscularly or slowly intravenously, over one to two minutes, when additional analgesia is required.
IV. Postoperatively (recovery room) — 50 mcg to 100 mcg (0.05 mg to 0.1 mg) (1 mL to 2 mL) may be administered intramuscularly for the control of pain, tachypnea, and emergence delirium. The dose may be repeated in one to two hours as needed.
Usage in Children: For induction and maintenance in children 2 to 12 years of age, a reduced dose as low as 2 mcg/kg to 3 mcg/kg is recommended.
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DOSAGE RANGE CHART
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TOTAL DOSAGE (expressed as fentanyl base)
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Low Dose -
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Moderate Dose -
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High Dose -
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2 mcg/kg (0.002 mg/kg) (0.04 mL/kg) Fentanyl, in small doses is most useful for minor, but painful, surgical procedures. In addition to the analgesia during surgery, Fentanyl may also provide some pain relief in the immediate postoperative period.
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2-20 mcg/kg (0.002-0.02 mg/kg) (0.04-0.4 mL/kg) Where surgery becomes more major, a larger dose is required. With this dose, in addition to adequate analgesia, one would expect to see some abolition of the stress response. However, respiratory depression will be such that artificial ventilation during anesthesia is necessary and careful observation of ventilation postoperatively is essential.
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20-50 mcg/kg (0.02-0.05 mg/kg) (0.4-1 mL/kg) During open heart surgery and certain more complicated neurosurgical and orthopedic procedures where surgery is more prolonged, and in the opinion of the anesthesiologist, the stress response to surgery would be detrimental to the well being of the patient, dosages of 20-50 mcg/kg (0.02-0.05 mg/kg) (0.4-1 mL/kg) of fentanyl with nitrous oxide/oxygen have been shown to attenuate the stress response as defined by increased levels of circulating growth hormone, catecholamine, ADH, and prolactin. When dosages in this range have been used during surgery, postoperative ventilation and observation are essential due to extended postoperative respiratory depression. The main objective of this technique would be to produce “stress-free” anesthesia.
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DOSAGE RANGE CHART
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MAINTENANCE DOSAGE (expressed as fentanyl base)
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Low Dose -
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Moderate Dose -
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High Dose -
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2 mcg/kg (0.002 mg/kg) (0.04 mL/kg) Additional dosages of fentanyl are infrequently needed in these minor procedures.
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2-20 mcg/kg (0.002-0.02 mg/kg) (0.04-0.4 mL/kg) 25-100 mcg (0.025 to 0.1 mg) (0.5 to 2 mL) may be administered intravenously or intramuscularly when movement and/or changes in vital signs indicate surgical stress or lightening of analgesia.
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20-50 mcg/kg (0.02-0.05 mg/kg) (0.4-1.0 mL/kg) Maintenance dosage (ranging from 25 mcg (0.025 mg) (0.5 mL) to one half the initial loading dose) will be dictated by the changes in vital signs which indicate stress and lightening of analgesia. However, the additional dosage selected must be individualized especially if the anticipated remaining operative time is short.
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As a General Anesthetic:
When attenuation of the responses to surgical stress is especially important, doses of 50 mcg/kg to 100 mcg/kg (0.05 mg/kg to 0.1 mg/kg) (1 mL/kg to 2 mL/kg) may be administered with oxygen and a muscle relaxant. This technique has been reported to provide anesthesia without the use of additional anesthetic agents. In certain cases, doses up to 150 mcg/kg (0.15 mg/kg) (3 mL/kg) may be necessary to produce this anesthetic effect. It has been used for open heart surgery and certain other major surgical procedures in patients for whom protection of the myocardium from excess oxygen demand is particularly indicated, and for certain complicated neurological and orthopedic procedures.
As noted above, it is essential that qualified personnel and adequate facilities be available for the management of respiratory depression.
See WARNINGS and PRECAUTIONS for use of fentanyl with other CNS depressants, and in patients with altered response.
Parenteral drug products should be inspected visually for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration, whenever solution and container permit.
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HOW SUPPLIED
Fentanyl citrate injection, USP, equivalent to 50 mcg (0.05 mg) fentanyl per mL is supplied as:
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NDC No.
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mcg Fentanyl/total mL
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Quantity per box
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Carpuject ® with Luer Lock
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0409-1276-32
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100 mcg/2 mL
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10
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Carpujects are packaged in the Slim-Pak® tamper detection package.
PROTECT FROM LIGHT. Store at 20 to 25°C (68 to 77°F). [See USP Controlled Room Temperature.]
Revised: January, 2008
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Printed in USA
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EN-1676
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Hospira, Inc., Lake Forest, IL 60045 USA
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