NEWS HIGHLIGHTS
Published Studies Related to Econochlor (Chloramphenicol Ophthalmic)
Gatifloxacin versus chloramphenicol for uncomplicated enteric fever: an open-label, randomised, controlled trial. [2011.06]
BACKGROUND: We aimed to investigate whether gatifloxacin, a new generation and affordable fluoroquinolone, is better than chloramphenicol for the treatment of uncomplicated enteric fever in children and adults... INTERPRETATION: Although no more efficacious than chloramphenicol, gatifloxacin should be the preferred treatment for enteric fever in developing countries because of its shorter treatment duration and fewer adverse events. FUNDING: Wellcome Trust. Copyright (c) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Does single application of topical chloramphenicol to high risk sutured wounds reduce incidence of wound infection after minor surgery? Prospective randomised placebo controlled double blind trial. [2009.01.15]
OBJECTIVE: To determine the effectiveness of a single application of topical chloramphenicol ointment in preventing wound infection after minor dermatological surgery... CONCLUSION: Application of a single dose of topical chloramphenicol to high risk sutured wounds after minor surgery produces a moderate absolute reduction in infection rate that is statistically but not clinically significant. Trial registration Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN73223053.
Chloramphenicol versus ampicillin plus gentamicin for community acquired very severe pneumonia among children aged 2-59 months in low resource settings: multicentre randomised controlled trial (SPEAR study). [2008.01.12]
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether five days' treatment with injectable ampicillin plus gentamicin compared with chloramphenicol reduces treatment failure in children aged 2-59 months with community acquired very severe pneumonia in low resource settings... CONCLUSION: Injectable ampicillin plus gentamicin is superior to injectable chloramphenicol for the treatment of community acquired very severe pneumonia in children aged 2-59 months in low resource settings. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN39543942.
Randomised equivalency trial comparing 2.5% povidone-iodine eye drops and ophthalmic chloramphenicol for preventing neonatal conjunctivitis in a trachoma endemic area in southern Mexico. [2007.11]
AIM: To evaluate the effectiveness of 2.5% povidone-iodine eye drops (PIED) compared with ophthalmic chloramphenicol (OC) for preventing neonatal conjunctivitis... CONCLUSIONS: PIED seems to increase the risk of acquiring chlamydial conjunctivitis in neonates. Additional measures are required to prevent mother to fetus transmission of chlamydial infection during pregnancy, delivery, and after birth.
Open-label randomized trial of oral trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, doxycycline, and chloramphenicol compared with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and doxycycline for maintenance therapy of melioidosis. [2005.10]
Melioidosis (infection caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei) requires a prolonged course of oral antibiotics following initial intravenous therapy to reduce the risk of relapse after cessation of treatment. The current recommendation is a four-drug regimen (trimethoprim [TMP], sulfamethoxazole [SMX], doxycycline, and chloramphenicol) and a total treatment time of 12 to 20 weeks...
Clinical Trials Related to Econochlor (Chloramphenicol Ophthalmic)
Ceftriaxone Versus Chloramphenicol for Treatment of Severe Pneumonia in Children [Recruiting]
Acute lower respiratory tract infections are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in
sub Saharan Africa. The World Health Organisation (WHO) still recommends intravenous
chloramphenicol for the treatment of severe pneumonia in children aged less than five years.
However, up to 20% of children fail treatment due to the emergence of resistance by
bacteria. Several centers now use ceftriaxone, a third generation cephalosporin, which is
reported to be efficacious in the treatment of severe pneumonia. However the high cost of
ceftriaxone is too prohibitive to allow for its routine use in resource constrained
countries. The purpose of this study is to compare chloramphenicol and ceftriaxone in the
treatment of severe pneumonia in children under five.
We hypothesize that 92. 7% of children who receive once daily intravenous ceftriaxone (75
mg/kg body weight)for 7 days, will recover from severe pneumonia compared to 80. 2 % of those
who receive intravenous chloramphenicol (25mg/kg body weight/dose every 6 hours for 7 days).
A Randomized Double Blinded Comparison of Ceftazidime and Meropenem in Severe Melioidosis [Recruiting]
Melioidosis, an infection caused by the bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei, is a major
cause of community-acquired septicaemia in northeast Thailand. Common manifestations include
cavitating pneumonia, hepatic and splenic abscesses, and soft tissue and joint infections.
Despite improvements in diagnostic procedures and treatment, the mortality of severe
melioidosis remains unacceptably high - approximately 35% with currently used antibiotics
(ceftazidime or co-amoxiclav). There is clear evidence that antibiotics can affect
mortality; the use of ceftazidime rather than previous regimens (doxycycline +
chloramphenicol + co-trimoxazole) led to a 50% reduction in mortality from 80% to 35%.
However, the mortality in the first 48 hours has not been altered by any treatment regimen.
A key question is whether alternative antibiotics could improve early outcome. The
hypothesis tested is that meropenem is superior to ceftazidime in terms of mortality for the
treatment of melioidosis.
Oral Glycerol and High-Dose Rectal Paracetamol to Improve the Prognosis of Childhood Bacterial Meningitis [Recruiting]
Bacterial meningitis remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in children,
especially in countries with limited resources. Efforts to improve the grim outcome have
included altering the first line antibiotic therapy, controlling seizures and managing
fluids more carefully. Adjuvant therapy of steroids has been used with limited success in
children in the West and with no proven value in Malawi and other resource constrained
settings. Glycerol has been used to reduce brain oedema in neurosurgery and it has recently
been shown to reduce morbidity in childhood meningitis in South America. Paracetamol in a
high dosage has been shown to reduce inflammation and cytokine levels in septicaemia with
improved outcomes in adults.
In Malawi the investigators have tried adjuvant steroids with no improvement in outcome of
childhood meningitis. They have recently concluded a study of ceftriaxone which has shown no
improvement in mortality though there is less hearing loss than with chloramphenicol and
benzyl penicillin.
Following the encouraging results of the Childhood South American Study it is important to
assess the use of adjuvant glycerol in children in the investigators' setting. Paracetamol
is routinely used in meningitis because of the accompanying fever and headache. This is an
opportunity to study its place as adjuvant therapy more carefully than has previously been
done.
The investigators propose a prospective, randomized, double blind 2 by 2 factorial designed
study to assess the advantage of ceftriaxone (antibiotic) given with paracetamol and
glycerol in combination, singly or with neither adjuvant therapy in childhood bacterial
meningitis.
Long Term Protection by and Persistence of Vi Antibodies Induced by Vi-rEPA Conjugate Vaccines in Vietnamese Children Injected at 2-5 Years or at 5-8 Years of Age [Completed]
Typhoid fever remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality in the developing world.
It is estimated that more than 16 million cases and about 600,000 deaths occur annually, most
of which occur in Southeast Asia and Africa. Ingestion of food or water contaminated by
acutely infected persons or chronic carriers is the most common form of transmission. As a
result, typhoid fever is prevalent where unsafe drinking water or contaminated food is
common.
Typhoid fever is highly endemic in Vietnam, especially in the southern provinces and is a
significant disease in both preschool and school-aged children. Data from Dong Thap
Provincial Hospital, Mekong delta region showed that among 3,934 hospitalized typhoid fever
cases from 1990 to 1995, 4. 2% had complications and 0. 8% died.
Typhoid fever has become difficult and expensive to treat. About 90% of Salmonella typhi
isolates are of multidrug-resistant (resistant to chloramphenicol, ampicillin, and
trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole) and 76% of isolates showed reduced susceptibility to
fluoroquinolones. Isolates with full fluoroquinolone or extended spectrum cephalosporin
resistance have not yet reported in Vietnam but occur sporadically in the Indian
subcontinent. If they become widespread, alternative treatment options will be limited. The
improvement of sanitation, provision of safe water and elimination of chronic carriage is not
expected to be achieved quickly. Accordingly, vaccination against typhoid fever is
increasingly important national public health priority.
Alcohol 20% for Separation of Pterygium and Comparison of Different Wound Closure Methods [Recruiting]
Purpose of this study is to evaluate efficiency and safety of Alcohol 20% for peeling
pterygium and to compare 3 different methods of operative wound closure: Bare sclera,
Sliding flap, Amniotic membrane + biological glue
|
