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Ddavp Nasal (Desmopressin Acetate) - Description and Clinical Pharmacology

 
 



DESCRIPTION

DDAVP® Nasal Spray (desmopressin acetate) is a synthetic analogue of the natural pituitary hormone 8-arginine vasopressin (ADH), an antidiuretic hormone affecting renal water conservation. It is chemically defined as follows:

Mol. wt. 1183.34

Empirical formula: C46H64N14O12S2·C2H4O2·3H2O

1-(3-mercaptopropionic acid)-8-D-arginine vasopressin monoacetate (salt) trihydrate.

DDAVP Nasal Spray is provided as an aqueous solution for intranasal use.

Each mL contains:

Desmopressin acetate......................................... 0.1 mg

Sodium Chloride............................................... 7.5 mg

Citric acid monohydrate..................................... 1.7 mg

Disodium phosphate dihydrate............................. 3.0 mg

Benzalkonium chloride solution (50%).................. 0.2 mg

The DDAVP Nasal Spray compression pump delivers 0.1 mL (10 µg) of DDAVP (desmopressin acetate) per spray.

CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY

DDAVP contains as active substance desmopressin acetate, a synthetic analogue of the natural hormone arginine vasopressin. One mL (0.1 mg) of intranasal DDAVP has an antidiuretic activity of about 400 IU; 10 µg of desmopressin acetate is equivalent to 40 IU.

  1. The biphasic half-lives for intranasal DDAVP were 7.8 and 75.5 minutes for the fast and slow phases, compared with 2.5 and 14.5 minutes for lysine vasopressin, another form of the hormone used in this condition. As a result, intranasal DDAVP provides a prompt onset of antidiuretic action with a long duration after each administration.
  2. The change in structure of arginine vasopressin to DDAVP has resulted in a decreased vasopressor action and decreased actions on visceral smooth muscle relative to the enhanced antidiuretic activity, so that clinically effective antidiuretic doses are usually below threshold levels for effects on vascular or visceral smooth muscle.
  3. DDAVP administered intranasally has an antidiuretic effect about one-tenth that of an equivalent dose administered by injection.

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