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Cytarabine (Cytarabine) - Summary

 
 



WARNING

Only physicians experienced in cancer chemotherapy should use Cytarabine Injection.

For induction therapy patients should be treated in a facility with laboratory and supportive resources sufficient to monitor drug tolerance and protect and maintain a patient compromised by drug toxicity. The main toxic effect of cytarabine injection is bone marrow suppression with leukopenia, thrombocytopenia and anemia. Less serious toxicity includes nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and abdominal pain, oral ulceration, and hepatic dysfunction.

The physician must judge possible benefit to the patient against known toxic effects of this drug in considering the advisability of therapy with Cytarabine Injection. Before making this judgment or beginning treatment, the physician should be familiar with the following text.

 

CYTARABINE SUMMARY

Cytarabine Injection, an antineoplastic, is a sterile solution of cytarabine for intravenous, intrathecal or subcutaneous administration.

Cytarabine Injection in combination with other approved anti-cancer drugs is indicated for remission induction in acute non-lymphocytic leukemia of adults and pediatric patients. It has also been found useful in the treatment of acute lymphocytic leukemia and the blast phase of chronic myelocytic leukemia. Intrathecal administration of Cytarabine Injection (preservative free preparations only) is indicated in the prophylaxis and treatment of meningeal leukemia.


See all Cytarabine indications & dosage >>

NEWS HIGHLIGHTS

Published Studies Related to Cytarabine

Randomized phase IIb study of low-dose cytarabine and lintuzumab versus low-dose cytarabine and placebo in older adults with untreated acute myeloid leukemia. [2013]
Improving outcomes in older adults with acute myeloid leukemia remains a formidable challenge. Lintuzumab (SGN-33; HuM195) is a humanized monoclonal antibody directed against CD33, which is expressed on the majority of myeloblasts in acute myeloid leukemia... These results confirm that lintuzumab in combination with low-dose cytarabine did not prolong survival and that low-dose cytarabine remains a valid comparator for trials of non-intensive therapies in older patients with acute myeloid leukemia, regardless of cytogenetic profile.

Comparison of high-dose cytarabine and timed-sequential chemotherapy as consolidation for younger adults with AML in first remission: the ALFA-9802 study. [2011.08.18]
To assess the value of administering timed-sequential chemotherapy (TSC; 2 therapeutic sequences separated by a 4-day interval-free chemotherapy) or high-dose cytarabine (HDAraC) cycles in consolidation therapy for acute myeloid leukemia (AML), 459 patients 15 to 50 years of age were enrolled in the prospective randomized Acute Leukemia French Association-9802 trial...

Cytarabine dose of 36 g/m(2) compared with 12 g/m(2) within first consolidation in acute myeloid leukemia: results of patients enrolled onto the prospective randomized AML96 study. [2011.07.01]
PURPOSE: To assess the optimal cumulative dose of cytarabine for treatment of young adults with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) within a prospective multicenter treatment trial... CONCLUSION: In young adults with AML receiving intermediate-dose cytarabine induction, intensification of the cytarabine dose beyond 12 g/m(2) within first consolidation did not improve treatment outcome.

Cytarabine dose for acute myeloid leukemia. [2011.03.17]
BACKGROUND: Cytarabine (ara-C) is an important drug in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). High-dose cytarabine (2000 to 3000 mg per square meter of body-surface area) is toxic but results in higher rates of relapse-free survival than does the conventional dose of 100 to 400 mg per square meter. Intermediate dose levels have not been thoroughly evaluated... CONCLUSIONS: Induction therapy with cytarabine at the lower dose already produced maximal antileukemic effects for all response end points, suggesting a plateau in the dose-response relationship above this dose level. High-dose cytarabine results in excessive toxic effects without therapeutic benefit. (Netherlands Trial Register number, NTR230.).

A randomized comparison of 4 courses of standard-dose multiagent chemotherapy versus 3 courses of high-dose cytarabine alone in postremission therapy for acute myeloid leukemia in adults: the JALSG AML201 Study. [2011.02.24]
We conducted a prospective randomized study to assess the optimal postremission therapy for adult acute myeloid leukemia in patients younger than 65 years in the first complete remission. A total of 781 patients in complete remission were randomly assigned to receive consolidation chemotherapy of either 3 courses of high-dose cytarabine (HiDAC, 2 g/m(2) twice daily for 5 days) alone or 4 courses of conventional standard-dose multiagent chemotherapy (CT) established in the previous JALSG AML97 study...

more studies >>

Clinical Trials Related to Cytarabine

AC220 With 5-Aza or Low Dose Cytarabine [Recruiting]
The goal of the Phase 1 part of this clinical research study is to find the highest tolerable dose of AC220 (quizartinib) that can be given with either 5-azacitidine (azacitidine) or cytarabine to patients with AML or MDS. The goal of the Phase 2 part of the study is to learn if quizartinib with either azacitidine or cytarabine can help to control AML or MDS. The safety of these combinations will also be studied.

Clofarabine, Idarubicin, and Cytarabine (CIA) Versus Fludarabine, Idarubicin, and Cytarabine (FLAI) in Acute Myelogenous Leukemia (AML) and High-Risk Myelodysplastic Syndrome [Recruiting]
The goal of this clinical research study is to learn if the combination of clofarabine, idarubicin, and cytarabine, or the combination of fludarabine, idarubicin, and cytarabine can help control AML and MDS. The safety of these study drug combinations will also be studied.

Clofarabine and Ara-C for the Treatment of Relapsed AML and Untreated MDS [Completed]

Cytarabine (Ara-C) in Children With Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia (APL) [Recruiting]
Several groups, especially the PETHEMA group (in their LPA96 and 99 trials), obtained low relapse rates in newly diagnosed Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia (APL) patients by combining ll-transretinoic acid (ATRA) and anthracyclines without Ara-C, suggesting that avoiding Ara-C in the chemotherapy of APL reduced treatment toxicity without increasing relapses. While the relapse rate for the children with white blood cell(WBC) counts greater than 10×109/L at presentation were higher than those WBC counts less than 10×109/L (31% and 3. 5%,respectively) in the LPA96 and 99 trials. A recent adult randomized trial show that avoiding Ara-C leads to an increased risk of relapse in the APL patients with WBC counts less than 10×109/L. The role of the Ara-C remains controversial. And there are very limited data reported on children with APL so far.

Liposomal Cytarabine for Central Nervous System (CNS)-Treatment in High-risk Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) [Suspended]

- Replacement of intrathecal Triple (methotrexate, cytarabine, prednisolone) with

intrathecal liposomal cytarabine and prednisolone during maintenance therapy will decrease the CNS relapse rate in high-risk ALL patients.

- Both acute and long-term toxicity are equal in both treatment arms.

more trials >>

Reports of Suspected Cytarabine Side Effects

Sepsis (184)Pyrexia (179)Febrile Neutropenia (153)Neutropenia (138)Pneumonia (108)Thrombocytopenia (107)Respiratory Failure (96)Death (92)Hypotension (88)Blood Bilirubin Increased (83)more >>


Page last updated: 2014-11-30

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