DrugLib.com — Drug Information Portal

Rx drug information, pharmaceutical research, clinical trials, news, and more

Buphenyl (Sodium Phenylbutyrate) - Summary

 
 



BUPHENYL SUMMARY

BUPHENYL (sodium phenylbutyrate) Tablets for oral administration and BUPHENYL (sodium phenylbutyrate) Powder for oral, nasogastric, or gastrostomy tube administration contain sodium phenylbutyrate. Sodium phenylbutyrate is an off-white crystalline substance which is soluble in water and has a strong salty taste. Sodium phenylbutyrate also is freely soluble in methanol and practically insoluble in acetone and diethyl ether.

BUPHENYL is indicated as adjunctive therapy in the chronic management of patients with urea cycle disorders involving deficiencies of carbamylphosphate synthetase (CPS), ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC), or argininosuccinic acid synthetase (AS). It is indicated in all patients with neonatal-onset deficiency (complete enzymatic deficiency, presenting within the first 28 days of life). It is also indicated in patients with late-onset disease (partial enzymatic deficiency, presenting after the first month of life) who have a history of hyperammonemic encephalopathy. It is important that the diagnosis be made early and treatment initiated immediately to improve survival. Any episode of acute hyperammonemia should be treated as a life-threatening emergency.
BUPHENYL must be combined with dietary protein restriction and, in some cases, essential amino acid supplementation. (See Nutritional Supplementation subsection of the DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION section.)
Previously, neonatal-onset disease was almost universally fatal within the first year of life, even when treated with peritoneal dialysis and essential amino acids or their nitrogen-free analogs. However, with hemodialysis, use of alternative waste nitrogen excretion pathways (sodium phenylbutyrate, sodium benzoate, and sodium phenylacetate), dietary protein restriction, and, in some cases, essential amino acid supplementation, the survival rate in newborns diagnosed after birth but within the first month of life is almost 80%. Most deaths have occurred during an episode of acute hyperammonemic encephalopathy. Patients with neonatal-onset disease have a high incidence of mental retardation. Those who had IQ tests administered had an incidence of mental retardation as follows: ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency, 100% (14/14 patients tested); argininosuccinic acid synthetase deficiency, 88% (15/17 patients tested); and carbamylphosphate synthetase deficiency, 57% (4/7 patients tested). Retardation was severe in the majority of the retarded patients.
In patients diagnosed during gestation and treated prior to any episode of hyperammonemic encephalopathy, survival is 100%, but even in these patients, most subsequently demonstrate cognitive impairment or other neurologic deficits.
In late-onset deficiency patients, including females heterozygous for ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency, who recover from hyperammonemic encephalopathy and are then treated chronically with sodium phenylbutyrate and dietary protein restriction, the survival rate is 98%. The two deaths in this group of patients occurred during episodes of hyperammonemic encephalopathy. However, compliance with the therapeutic regimen has not been adequately documented to allow evaluation of the potential for BUPHENYL and dietary protein restriction to prevent mental deterioration and recurrence of hyperammonemic encephalopathy if carefully adhered to. The majority of these patients tested (30/46 or 65%) have IQ’s in the average to low average/borderline mentally retarded range. Reversal of pre-existing neurologic impairment is not likely to occur with treatment and neurologic deterioration may continue in some patients.
Even on therapy, acute hyperammonemic encephalopathy recurred in the majority of patients for whom the drug is indicated.
BUPHENYL may be required life-long unless orthotopic liver transplantation is elected.
(See CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY, Pharmacodynamics subsection for the biochemical effects of BUPHENYL).


See all Buphenyl indications & dosage >>

NEWS HIGHLIGHTS

Published Studies Related to Buphenyl (Phenylbutyrate)

Randomized, double-blind, controlled study of glycerol phenylbutyrate in hepatic encephalopathy. [2014]
CONCLUSION: GPB reduced HE events as well as ammonia

Phenylbutyrate Mouthwash Mitigates Oral Mucositis During Radiotherapy or Chemoradiotherapy in Patients with Head and Neck Cancer. [2011.08.11]
CONCLUSIONS: This pilot trial suggested that phenylbutyrate mouthwash significantly decreased the impact of OM in HNC patients receiving RT or chemoradiotherapy and did not confront the tumor control. Larger Phase II randomized trials are needed to confirm these results. Copyright (c) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Pharmacology and safety of glycerol phenylbutyrate in healthy adults and adults with cirrhosis. [2010.06]
CONCLUSION: GPB exhibits delayed release characteristics, presumably reflecting gradual PBA release by pancreatic lipases, and is well tolerated in adults with cirrhosis, suggesting that further clinical testing for HE is warranted.

Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of phenylbutyrate in spinal muscular atrophy. [2007.01.02]
OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy of phenylbutyrate (PB) in patients with spinal muscular atrophy in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial involving 10 Italian centers... CONCLUSIONS: Phenylbutyrate was not effective at the regimen, schedule, and duration used in this study.

Evidence of CFTR function in cystic fibrosis after systemic administration of 4-phenylbutyrate. [2002.07]
Most individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF) carry one or two mutations that result in a maturation defect of the full-length protein. One such mutation, deltaF508, results in a mutant membrane glycoprotein that fails to progress to the apical membrane, where the wild-type protein normally functions as a cyclic AMP-regulated chloride channel...

more studies >>

Clinical Trials Related to Buphenyl (Phenylbutyrate)

Dose-Escalation Safety Study of HPN-100 to Treat Urea Cycle Disorders [Completed]
The purpose of this study is to determine whether HPN-100 is safe and tolerable in subjects with Urea Cycle Disorders.

Phenylbutyrate Therapy for Maple Syrup Urine Disease [Recruiting]
The investigators have learned in past research that the drug phenylbutyrate can decrease the amounts of branched chain amino acids and their byproducts in the bloodstreams of healthy volunteer patients and also patients with certain disorders of protein breakdown including maple syrup urine disease. Through this study, the investigators will try to find out how well phenylbutyrate (NaPBA), also known by name brand "Buphenyl-TM", decreases BCAA and branched chain keto chain acids in the blood of patients with MSUD. The investigators hope is that through this research the investigators will be better able to treat these patients. Subjects with MSUD will take phenylbutyrate (NaPBA) in powder form for a two-week treatment period and powder placebo, a substance with no effect on the body, for a two-week treatment period. They will be given the same amount of powder and undergo the same laboratory testing during both of the two-week treatment periods. The results will be compared once the study is over.

Clinical Trial of Phenylbutyrate and Vitamin D in Tuberculosis (TB) [Completed]
Vitamin D exerts its effects via the Vitamin D Receptor (VDR) present in activated macrophages and induces expression and release of the cathelicidin, LL-37, a human antimicrobial peptide involved in killing of MTB. We aimed to investigate whether treatment of newly diagnosed pulmonary TB patients for 2 months with adjunctive PBA and vitamin D (Cholecalciferol) in combination with standard DOTS therapy (i) can improve response to standard short course TB therapy towards a rapid recovery; (ii) can induce expression of LL-37 in macrophages; (iii) can enhance killing capacity of macrophages isolated from TB patients infected in vitro with MTB; and (iv) does not evoke any adverse effects.

Mechanism of Fatty Acid-induced Impairment of Glucose-simulated Insulin Secretion - Effect of Buphenyl [Completed]
An increase of plasma free fatty acids impairs insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity, thereby playing an important role in causing type 2 diabetes. Lipotoxicity plays an important role in the progression from normal glucose tolerance to fasting hyperglycemia and coversion to frank type 2 diabetes. A recent publication in the journal Science showed that buphenyl, when given to obese diabetic mice, resulted in normalization of hyperglycemia, restoration of systemic insulin sensitivity, resolution of fatty liver disease and inhancement of insulin action in liver, muscle and adipose tissue. the mechanism of action is believed to be due to reduction of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Buphenyl is currently approved for the treatment of rare inherited disorders of the urea cycle. We plan to administer Buphenyl orally to humans at a dose far lower than that used for the treatment of urea cycle disorders for 2 weeks prior to the testing of pancreatic function. One potential mechanism whereby chromically elevated plasma FFAs and glucose impairment beta cell function and insuln sensitivity is by ER stress and this can be prevented by administeration of buphenyl.

A Study of Glyceryl Tri-(4-phenylbutyrate) (GT4P) [Completed]

more trials >>


Page last updated: 2014-11-30

-- advertisement -- The American Red Cross
 
Home | About Us | Contact Us | Site usage policy | Privacy policy

All Rights reserved - Copyright DrugLib.com, 2006-2017