ADVERSE REACTIONS
Serious adverse reactions with ARIMIDEX occurring in less than 1 in 10,000 patients, are: 1) skin reactions such as lesions, ulcers, or blisters; 2) allergic reactions with swelling of the face, lips, tongue, and/or throat. This may cause difficulty in swallowing and/or breathing; and 3) changes in blood tests of the liver function, including inflammation of the liver with symptoms that may include a general feeling of not being well, with or without jaundice, liver pain or liver swelling [see
Adverse Reactions
].
Common adverse reactions (occurring with an incidence of ≥10%) in women taking ARIMIDEX included: hot flashes, asthenia, arthritis, pain, arthralgia, hypertension, depression, nausea and vomiting, rash, osteoporosis, fractures, back pain, insomnia, headache, bone pain, peripheral edema, increased cough, dyspnea, pharyngitis and lymphedema.
In the ATAC trial, the most common reported adverse reaction (>0.1%) leading to discontinuation of therapy for both treatment groups was hot flashes, although there were fewer patients who discontinued therapy as a result of hot flashes in the ARIMIDEX group.
Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice.
Clinical Trials Experience
Adjuvant Therapy
Adverse reaction data for adjuvant therapy are based on the ATAC trial [see
Clinical Studies
]. The median duration of adjuvant treatment for safety evaluation was 59.8 months and 59.6 months for patients receiving ARIMIDEX 1 mg and tamoxifen 20 mg, respectively.
Adverse reactions occurring with an incidence of at least 5% in either treatment group during treatment or within 14 days of the end of treatment are presented in Table 1.
Table 1 — Adverse reactions occurring with an incidence of at least 5% in either treatment group during treatment, or within 14 days of the end of treatment in the ATAC trial
Body system and adverse reactions by
COSTART
preferred term
|
ARIMIDEX 1 mg
(N
= 3092)
|
Tamoxifen 20 mg
(N
= 3094)
|
Body as a whole
|
|
|
Asthenia
|
|
|
Pain
|
|
|
Back pain
|
|
|
Headache
|
|
|
Abdominal pain
|
|
|
Infection
|
|
|
Accidental injury
|
|
|
Flu syndrome
|
|
|
Chest pain
|
|
|
Neoplasm
|
|
|
Cyst
|
|
|
Cardiovascular
|
|
|
Vasodilatation
|
|
|
Hypertension
|
|
|
Digestive
|
|
|
Nausea
|
|
|
Constipation
|
|
|
Diarrhea
|
|
|
Dyspepsia
|
|
|
Gastrointestinal disorder
|
|
|
Hemic and lymphatic
|
|
|
Lymphedema
|
|
|
Anemia
|
|
|
Metabolic and nutritional
|
|
|
Peripheral edema
|
|
|
Weight gain
|
|
|
Hypercholesterolemia
|
|
|
Musculoskeletal
|
|
|
Arthritis
|
|
|
Arthralgia
|
|
|
Osteoporosis
|
|
|
Fracture
|
|
|
Bone pain
|
|
|
Arthrosis
|
|
|
Joint Disorder
|
|
|
Myalgia
|
|
|
Nervous system
|
|
|
Depression
|
|
|
Insomnia
|
|
|
Dizziness
|
|
|
Anxiety
|
|
|
Paresthesia
|
|
|
Respiratory
|
|
|
Pharyngitis
|
|
|
Cough increased
|
|
|
Dyspnea
|
|
|
Sinusitis
|
|
|
Bronchitis
|
|
|
Skin and appendages
|
|
|
Rash
|
|
|
Sweating
|
|
|
Special Senses
|
|
|
Cataract Specified
|
|
|
Urogenital
|
|
|
Leukorrhea
|
|
|
Urinary tract infection
|
|
|
Breast pain
|
|
|
Breast Neoplasm
|
|
|
Vulvovaginitis
|
|
|
Vaginal Hemorrhage
|
|
|
Vaginitis
|
|
|
Certain adverse reactions and combinations of adverse reactions were prospectively specified for analysis, based on the known pharmacologic properties and side effect profiles of the two drugs (see Table 2).
Table 2 — Number of Patients with Pre-specified Adverse Reactions in ATAC Trial
|
ARIMIDEX
N=3092
(%)
|
Tamoxifen
N=3094
(%)
|
Odds-ratio
|
95% CI
|
Hot Flashes
|
|
|
0.80
|
0.73 − 0.89
|
Musculoskeletal Events
|
|
|
1.32
|
1.19 − 1.47
|
Fatigue/Asthenia
|
|
|
1.07
|
0.94 − 1.22
|
Mood Disturbances
|
|
|
1.10
|
0.97 − 1.25
|
Nausea and Vomiting
|
|
|
1.03
|
0.88 − 1.19
|
All Fractures
|
|
|
1.57
|
1.30 − 1.88
|
Fractures of Spine, Hip, or Wrist
|
|
|
1.48
|
1.13 − 1.95
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cataracts
|
|
|
0.85
|
0.69 − 1.04
|
Vaginal Bleeding
|
|
|
0.50
|
0.41 − 0.61
|
Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease
|
|
|
1.23
|
0.95 − 1.60
|
Vaginal Discharge
|
|
|
0.24
|
0.19 − 0.30
|
Venous Thromboembolic events
|
|
|
0.61
|
0.47 − 0.80
|
Deep Venous Thromboembolic Events
|
|
|
0.64
|
0.45 − 0.93
|
Ischemic Cerebrovascular Event
|
|
|
0.70
|
0.50 − 0.97
|
Endometrial Cancer
|
|
|
0.31
|
0.10 − 0.94
|
Ischemic Cardiovascular Events
Between treatment arms in the overall population of 6186 patients, there was no statistical difference in ischemic cardiovascular events (4% ARIMIDEX vs. 3% tamoxifen). In the overall population, angina pectoris was reported in 71/3092 (2.3%) patients in the ARIMIDEX arm and 51/3094 (1.6%) patients in the tamoxifen arm; myocardial infarction was reported in 37/3092 (1.2%) patients in the ARIMIDEX arm and 34/3094 (1.1%) patients in the tamoxifen arm.
In women with pre-existing ischemic heart disease 465/6186 (7.5%), the incidence of ischemic cardiovascular events was 17% in patients on ARIMIDEX and 10% in patients on tamoxifen. In this patient population, angina pectoris was reported in 25/216 (11.6%) patients receiving ARIMIDEX and 13/249 (5.2%) patients receiving tamoxifen; myocardial infarction was reported in 2/216 (0.9%) patients receiving ARIMIDEX and 8/249 (3.2%) patients receiving tamoxifen.
Bone Mineral Density Findings
Results from the ATAC trial bone substudy at 12 and 24 months demonstrated that patients receiving ARIMIDEX had a mean decrease in both lumbar spine and total hip bone mineral density (BMD) compared to baseline. Patients receiving tamoxifen had a mean increase in both lumbar spine and total hip BMD compared to baseline.
Because ARIMIDEX lowers circulating estrogen levels it may cause a reduction in bone mineral density.
A post-marketing trial assessed the combined effects of ARIMIDEX and the bisphosphonate risedronate on changes from baseline in BMD and markers of bone resorption and formation in postmenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive early breast cancer. All patients received calcium and vitamin D supplementation. At 12 months, small reductions in lumbar spine bone mineral density were noted in patients not receiving bisphosphonates. Bisphosphonate treatment preserved bone density in most patients at risk of fracture.
Postmenopausal women with early breast cancer scheduled to be treated with ARIMIDEX should have their bone status managed according to treatment guidelines already available for postmenopausal women at similar risk of fragility fracture.
Cholesterol
During the ATAC trial, more patients receiving ARIMIDEX were reported to have an elevated serum cholesterol compared to patients receiving tamoxifen (9% versus 3.5%, respectively).
A post-marketing trial also evaluated any potential effects of ARIMIDEX on lipid profile. In the primary analysis population for lipids (ARIMIDEX alone), there was no clinically significant change in LDL-C from baseline to 12 months and HDL-C from baseline to 12 months.
In secondary population for lipids (ARIMIDEX+risedronate), there also was no clinically significant change in LDL-C and HDL-C from baseline to 12 months.
In both populations for lipids, there was no clinically significant difference in total cholesterol (TC) or serum triglycerides (TG) at 12 months compared with baseline.
In this trial, treatment for 12 months with ARIMIDEX alone had a neutral effect on lipid profile. Combination treatment with ARIMIDEX and risedronate also had a neutral effect on lipid profile.
The trial provides evidence that postmenopausal women with early breast cancer scheduled to be treated with ARIMIDEX should be managed using the current National Cholesterol Education Program guidelines for cardiovascular risk-based management of individual patients with LDL elevations.
Other Adverse Reactions
Patients receiving ARIMIDEX had an increase in joint disorders (including arthritis, arthrosis and arthralgia) compared with patients receiving tamoxifen. Patients receiving ARIMIDEX had an increase in the incidence of all fractures (specifically fractures of spine, hip and wrist) [315 (10%)] compared with patients receiving tamoxifen [209 (7%)].
Patients receiving ARIMIDEX had a higher incidence of carpal tunnel syndrome [78 (2.5%)] compared with patients receiving tamoxifen [22 (0.7%)].
Vaginal bleeding occurred more frequently in the tamoxifen-treated patients versus the ARIMIDEX-treated patients 317 (10%) versus 167 (5%), respectively.
Patients receiving ARIMIDEX had a lower incidence of hot flashes, vaginal bleeding, vaginal discharge, endometrial cancer, venous thromboembolic events and ischemic cerebrovascular events compared with patients receiving tamoxifen.
10-year median follow-up Safety Results from the ATAC Trial
Results are consistent with the previous analyses.
Serious adverse reactions were similar between ARIMIDEX (50%) and tamoxifen (51%).
-
•Cardiovascular events were consistent with the known safety profiles of ARIMIDEX and tamoxifen.
-
•The cumulative incidences of all first fractures (both serious and non-serious, occurring either during or after treatment) was higher in the ARIMIDEX group (15%) compared to the tamoxifen group (11%). This increased first fracture rate during treatment did not continue in the post-treatment follow-up period.
-
•The cumulative incidence of new primary cancers was similar in the ARIMIDEX group (13.7%) compared to the tamoxifen group (13.9%). Consistent with the previous analyses, endometrial cancer was higher in the tamoxifen group (0.8%) compared to the ARIMIDEX group (0.2%).
-
•The overall number of deaths (during or off-trial treatment) was similar between the treatment groups. There were more deaths related to breast cancer in the tamoxifen than in the ARIMIDEX treatment group.
First-Line Therapy
Adverse reactions occurring with an incidence of at least 5% in either treatment group of trials 0030 and 0027 during or within 2 weeks of the end of treatment are shown in Table 3.
Table 3 – Adverse Reactions Occurring with an Incidence of at Least 5% in Trials 0030 and 0027
Body system
Adverse Reaction
|
Number (%) of subjects
|
|
ARIMIDEX
(N=506)
|
Tamoxifen
(N=511)
|
Whole body
|
|
|
Asthenia
|
|
|
Pain
|
|
|
Back pain
|
|
|
Headache
|
|
|
Abdominal pain
|
|
|
Chest pain
|
|
|
Flu syndrome
|
|
|
Pelvic pain
|
|
|
Cardiovascular
|
|
|
Vasodilation
|
|
|
Hypertension
|
|
|
Digestive
|
|
|
Nausea
|
|
|
Constipation
|
|
|
Diarrhea
|
|
|
Vomiting
|
|
|
Anorexia
|
|
|
Metabolic and Nutritional
|
|
|
Peripheral edema
|
|
|
Musculoskeletal
|
|
|
Bone pain
|
|
|
Nervous
|
|
|
Dizziness
|
|
|
Insomnia
|
|
|
Depression
|
|
|
Hypertonia
|
|
|
Respiratory
|
|
|
Cough increased
|
|
|
Dyspnea
|
|
|
Pharyngitis
|
|
|
Skin and appendages
|
|
|
Rash
|
|
|
Urogenital
|
|
|
Leukorrhea
|
|
|
Less frequent adverse experiences reported in patients receiving ARIMIDEX 1 mg in either Trial 0030 or Trial 0027 were similar to those reported for second-line therapy.
Based on results from second-line therapy and the established safety profile of tamoxifen, the incidences of 9 pre-specified adverse event categories potentially causally related to one or both of the therapies because of their pharmacology were statistically analyzed. No significant differences were seen between treatment groups.
Table 4 – Number of Patients with Pre-specified Adverse Reactions in Trials 0030 and 0027
|
Number (n) and Percentage of Patients
|
Adverse Reaction
|
ARIMIDEX
1 mg
(N=506)
n (%)
|
NOLVADEX
20 mg
(N=511)
n (%)
|
Depression
|
|
|
Tumor Flare
|
|
|
Thromboembolic Disease
|
|
|
Venous
|
|
|
Coronary and Cerebral
|
|
|
Gastrointestinal Disturbance
|
|
|
Hot Flushes
|
|
|
Vaginal Dryness
|
|
|
Lethargy
|
|
|
Vaginal Bleeding
|
|
|
Weight Gain
|
|
|
Second-Line Therapy
ARIMIDEX was tolerated in two controlled clinical trials (i.e., Trials 0004 and 0005), with less than 3.3% of the ARIMIDEX-treated patients and 4.0% of the megestrol acetate-treated patients withdrawing due to an adverse reaction.
The principal adverse reaction more common with ARIMIDEX than megestrol acetate was diarrhea. Adverse reactions reported in greater than 5% of the patients in any of the treatment groups in these two controlled clinical trials, regardless of causality, are presented below:
Table 5 – Number (N) and Percentage of Patients with Adverse Reactions in Trials 0004 and 0005
Adverse Reaction
|
ARIMIDEX
|
ARIMIDEX
|
Megestrol Acetate
|
1 mg
|
10 mg
|
160 mg
|
(N=262)
|
(N=246)
|
(N=253)
|
n
|
%
|
n
|
%
|
n
|
%
|
Asthenia
|
42
|
(16)
|
33
|
(13)
|
47
|
(19)
|
Nausea
|
41
|
(16)
|
48
|
(20)
|
28
|
(11)
|
Headache
|
34
|
(13)
|
44
|
(18)
|
24
|
(9)
|
Hot Flashes
|
32
|
(12)
|
29
|
(11)
|
21
|
(8)
|
Pain
|
28
|
(11)
|
38
|
(15)
|
29
|
(11)
|
Back Pain
|
28
|
(11)
|
26
|
(11)
|
19
|
(8)
|
Dyspnea
|
24
|
(9)
|
27
|
(11)
|
53
|
(21)
|
Vomiting
|
24
|
(9)
|
26
|
(11)
|
16
|
(6)
|
Cough Increased
|
22
|
(8)
|
18
|
(7)
|
19
|
(8)
|
Diarrhea
|
22
|
(8)
|
18
|
(7)
|
7
|
(3)
|
Constipation
|
18
|
(7)
|
18
|
(7)
|
21
|
(8)
|
Abdominal Pain
|
18
|
(7)
|
14
|
(6)
|
18
|
(7)
|
Anorexia
|
18
|
(7)
|
19
|
(8)
|
11
|
(4)
|
Bone Pain
|
17
|
(6)
|
26
|
(12)
|
19
|
(8)
|
Pharyngitis
|
16
|
(6)
|
23
|
(9)
|
15
|
(6)
|
Dizziness
|
16
|
(6)
|
12
|
(5)
|
15
|
(6)
|
Rash
|
15
|
(6)
|
15
|
(6)
|
19
|
(8)
|
Dry Mouth
|
15
|
(6)
|
11
|
(4)
|
13
|
(5)
|
Peripheral Edema
|
14
|
(5)
|
21
|
(9)
|
28
|
(11)
|
Pelvic Pain
|
14
|
(5)
|
17
|
(7)
|
13
|
(5)
|
Depression
|
14
|
(5)
|
6
|
(2)
|
5
|
(2)
|
Chest Pain
|
13
|
(5)
|
18
|
(7)
|
13
|
(5)
|
Paresthesia
|
12
|
(5)
|
15
|
(6)
|
9
|
(4)
|
Vaginal Hemorrhage
|
6
|
(2)
|
4
|
(2)
|
13
|
(5)
|
Weight Gain
|
4
|
(2)
|
9
|
(4)
|
30
|
(12)
|
Sweating
|
4
|
(2)
|
3
|
(1)
|
16
|
(6)
|
Increased Appetite
|
0
|
(0)
|
1
|
(0)
|
13
|
(5)
|
Other less frequent (2% to 5%) adverse reactions reported in patients receiving ARIMIDEX 1 mg in either Trial 0004 or Trial 0005 are listed below. These adverse experiences are listed by body system and are in order of decreasing frequency within each body system regardless of assessed causality.
Body as a Whole: Flu syndrome; fever; neck pain; malaise; accidental injury; infection
Cardiovascular: Hypertension; thrombophlebitis
Hepatic: Gamma GT increased; SGOT increased; SGPT increased
Hematologic: Anemia; leukopenia
Metabolic and Nutritional: Alkaline phosphatase increased; weight loss
Mean serum total cholesterol levels increased by 0.5 mmol/L among patients receiving ARIMIDEX. Increases in LDL cholesterol have been shown to contribute to these changes.
Musculoskeletal: Myalgia; arthralgia; pathological fracture
Nervous: Somnolence; confusion; insomnia; anxiety; nervousness
Respiratory: Sinusitis; bronchitis; rhinitis
Skin and Appendages: Hair thinning (alopecia); pruritus
Urogenital: Urinary tract infection; breast pain
The incidences of the following adverse reaction groups potentially causally related to one or both of the therapies because of their pharmacology, were statistically analyzed: weight gain, edema, thromboembolic disease, gastrointestinal disturbance, hot flushes, and vaginal dryness. These six groups, and the adverse reactions captured in the groups, were prospectively defined. The results are shown in the table below.
Table 6 — Number (n) and Percentage of Patients with Pre-specified Adverse Reactions in Trials 0004 and 0005
|
ARIMIDEX
|
ARIMIDEX
|
Megestrol Acetate
|
1 mg
|
10 mg
|
160 mg
|
(N=262)
|
(N=246)
|
(N=253)
|
Adverse Reaction Group
|
n
|
(%)
|
n
|
(%)
|
n
|
(%)
|
Gastrointestinal Disturbance
|
77
|
(29)
|
81
|
(33)
|
54
|
(21)
|
Hot Flushes
|
33
|
(13)
|
29
|
(12)
|
35
|
(14)
|
Edema
|
19
|
(7)
|
28
|
(11)
|
35
|
(14)
|
Thromboembolic Disease
|
9
|
(3)
|
4
|
(2)
|
12
|
(5)
|
Vaginal Dryness
|
5
|
(2)
|
3
|
(1)
|
2
|
(1)
|
Weight Gain
|
4
|
(2)
|
10
|
(4)
|
30
|
(12)
|
Post-Marketing Experience
These adverse reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size. Therefore, it is not always possible to estimate reliably their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure. The following have been reported in post-approval use of Arimidex:
-
•Hepatobiliary events including increases in alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, gamma-GT, and bilirubin; hepatitis
-
•Rash including cases of mucocutaneous disorders such as erythema multiforme and Stevens-Johnson syndrome
-
•Cases of allergic reactions including angioedema, urticaria and anaphylaxis [see
Contraindications
]
-
•Myalgia, trigger finger and hypercalcemia (with or without an increase in parathyroid hormone)
|