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Arestin (Minocycline Hydrochloride) - Warnings and Precautions

 
 



WARNINGS

THE USE OF DRUGS OF THE TETRACYCLINE CLASS DURING TOOTH DEVELOPMENT (LAST HALF OF PREGNANCY, INFANCY, AND CHILDHOOD TO THE AGE OF 8 YEARS) MAY CAUSE PERMANENT DISCOLORATION OF THE TEETH (YELLOW-GRAY BROWN). This adverse reaction is more common during long-term use of the drugs, but has been observed following repeated short-term courses. Enamel hypoplasia has also been reported. TETRACYCLINE DRUGS, THEREFORE, SHOULD NOT BE USED IN THIS AGE GROUP, OR IN PREGNANT OR NURSING WOMEN, UNLESS THE POTENTIAL BENEFITS ARE CONSIDERED TO OUTWEIGH THE POTENTIAL RISKS. Results of animal studies indicate that tetracyclines cross the placenta, are found in fetal tissues, and can have toxic effects on the developing fetus (often related to retardation of skeletal development). Evidence of embryotoxicity has also been noted in animals treated early in pregnancy. If any tetracyclines are used during pregnancy, or if the patient becomes pregnant while taking this drug, the patient should be apprised of the potential hazard to the fetus. Photosensitivity manifested by an exaggerated sunburn reaction has been observed in some individuals taking tetracyclines. Patients apt to be exposed to direct sunlight or ultraviolet light should be advised that this reaction can occur with tetracycline drugs, and treatment should be discontinued at the first evidence of skin erythema.

PRECAUTIONS

Hypersensitivity Reactions

  •  Hypersensitivity reactions that included, but were not limited to anaphylaxis, angioneurotic edema, urticaria, rash, swelling of the face and pruritus have been reported with the use of ARESTIN®. Some of these reactions were serious.
     
  •  Post-marketing cases of anaphylaxis and serious skin reactions such as Stevens Johnson syndrome and erythema multiforme have been reported with oral minocycline.

Autoimmune Syndromes

  •  Tetracyclines, including oral minocycline, have been associated with the development of autoimmune syndromes including a Lupus-like syndrome manifested by arthralgia, myalgia, rash, and swelling. Sporadic cases of serum sickness have presented shortly after oral minocycline use, manifested by fever, rash, arthralgia, and malaise. In symptomatic patients, liver function tests, ANA, CBC, and other appropriate tests should be performed to evaluate the patients. No further treatment with ARESTIN® should be administered to the patient.

The use of ARESTIN® in an acutely abscessed periodontal pocket has not been studied and is not recommended.

While no overgrowth by opportunistic microorganisms, such as yeast, were noted during clinical studies, as with other antimicrobials, the use of ARESTIN® may result in overgrowth of nonsusceptible microorganisms including fungi. The effects of treatment for greater than 6 months has not been studied.

ARESTIN® should be used with caution in patients having a history of predisposition to oral candidiasis. The safety and effectiveness of ARESTIN® has not been established for the treatment of periodontitis in patients with coexistent oral candidiasis.

ARESTIN® has not been clinically tested in immunocompromised patients (such as those immunocompromised by diabetes, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or infection with HIV).

If superinfection is suspected, appropriate measures should be taken.

ARESTIN® has not been clinically tested in pregnant women.

ARESTIN® has not been clinically tested for use in the regeneration of alveolar bone, either in preparation for or in conjunction with the placement of endosseous (dental) implants or in the treatment of failing implants.

Information for Patients

After treatment, patients should avoid chewing hard, crunchy, or sticky foods (i.e., carrots, taffy, and gum) with the treated teeth for 1 week, as well as avoid touching treated areas. Patients should also postpone the use of interproximal cleaning devices around the treated sites for 10 days after administration of ARESTIN®. Patients should be advised that although some mild to moderate sensitivity is expected during the first week after SRP and administration of ARESTIN®, they should notify the dentist promptly if pain, swelling, or other problems occur. Patients should be notified to inform the dentist if itching, swelling, rash, papules, reddening, difficulty breathing or other signs and symptoms of possible hypersensitivity occur.

Carcinogenicity, Mutagenicity, Impairment of Fertility

Dietary administration of minocycline in long-term tumorigenicity studies in rats resulted in evidence of thyroid tumor production. Minocycline has also been found to produce thyroid hyperplasia in rats and dogs. In addition, there has been evidence of oncogenic activity in rats in studies with a related antibiotic, oxytetracycline (i.e., adrenal and pituitary tumors). Minocycline demonstrated no potential to cause genetic toxicity in a battery of assays which included a bacterial reverse mutation assay (Ames test), an in vitro mammalian cell gene mutation test (L5178Y/TK+/- mouse lymphoma assay), an in vitro mammalian chromosome aberration test, and an in vivo micronucleus assay conducted in ICR mice.

Fertility and general reproduction studies have provided evidence that minocycline impairs fertility in male rats.

Teratogenic Effects

Pregnancy Category D

(See WARNINGS.)

Labor and Delivery

The effects of tetracyclines on labor and delivery are unknown.

Nursing Mothers

Tetracyclines are excreted in human milk. Because of the potential for serious adverse reactions in nursing infants from the tetracyclines, a decision should be made whether to discontinue nursing or discontinue the drug, taking into account the importance of the drug to the mother. (See WARNINGS.)

Pediatric Use

Since adult periodontitis does not affect children, the safety and effectiveness of ARESTIN® in pediatric patients cannot be established.

Page last updated: 2014-01-02

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