ARALEN SUMMARY
ARALEN, chloroquine phosphate, USP, is a 4-aminoquinoline compound for oral administration. It is a white, odorless, bitter tasting, crystalline substance, freely soluble in water.
ARALEN is indicated for the suppressive treatment and for acute attacks of malaria due to
P. vivax, P. malariae, P. ovale, and susceptible strains of
P. falciparum. The drug is also indicated for the treatment of extraintestinal amebiasis.
ARALEN does not prevent relapses in patients with vivax or malariae malaria because it is not effective against exoerythrocytic forms of the parasite, nor will it prevent vivax or malariae infection when administered as a prophylactic. It is highly effective as a suppressive agent in patients with vivax or malariae malaria, in terminating acute attacks, and significantly lengthening the interval between treatment and relapse. In patients with falciparum malaria it abolishes the acute attack and effects complete cure of the infection, unless due to a resistant strain of
P. falciparum.
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NEWS HIGHLIGHTSMedia Articles Related to Aralen (Chloroquine)
hydroxychloroquine, Plaquenil
Source: MedicineNet Sarcoidosis Specialty [2009.01.14]
Title: hydroxychloroquine, Plaquenil
Category: Medications
Created: 12/31/1997
Last Editorial Review: 1/14/2009
Published Studies Related to Aralen (Chloroquine)
Addition of infliximab compared with addition of sulfasalazine and hydroxychloroquine to methotrexate in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis (Swefot trial): 1-year results of a randomised trial. [2009.08.08]
BACKGROUND: New treatment strategies for early rheumatoid arthritis are evolving rapidly. We aimed to compare addition of conventional disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (sulfasalazine and hydroxychloroquine) with addition of a tumour necrosis factor antagonist (infliximab) to methotrexate in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis... INTERPRETATION: In patients with early rheumatoid arthritis in whom methotrexate treatment failed, addition of a tumour necrosis factor antagonist to methotrexate monotherapy is clinically superior to addition of conventional disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs. FUNDING: Swedish Rheumatism Association, Schering-Plough.
In vivo selection of Plasmodium falciparum parasites carrying the chloroquine-susceptible pfcrt K76 allele after treatment with artemether-lumefantrine in Africa. [2009.03.01]
BACKGROUND: Artemether-lumefantrine (AL) is a major and highly effective artemisinin-based combination therapy that is becoming increasingly important as a new first-line therapy against Plasmodium falciparum malaria. However, recrudescences occurring after AL treatment have been reported. Identification of drug-specific parasite determinants that contribute to treatment failures will provide important tools for the detection and surveillance of AL resistance... CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that the pfcrt K76T mutation is a drug-specific contributor to enhanced P. falciparum susceptibility to lumefantrine in vivo and in vitro, and they highlight the benefit of using AL in areas affected by chloroquine-resistant P. falciparum malaria.
Efficacy of chloroquine, amodiaquine and sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine for the treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria: revisiting molecular markers in an area of emerging AQ and SP resistance in Mali. [2009.02.26]
BACKGROUND: To update the National Malaria Control Programme of Mali on the efficacy of chloroquine, amodiaquine and sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine in the treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria... CONCLUSION: In this study, treatment with sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine emerged as the most efficacious on uncomplicated falciparum malaria followed by amodiaquine. The study demonstrated that sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine and amodiaquine were appropriate partner drugs that could be associated with artemisinin derivatives in an artemisinin-based combination therapy.
Short report: comparison of chlorproguanil-dapsone with a combination of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine and chloroquine in children with malaria in northcentral Nigeria. [2009.02]
Effective and affordable treatment of malaria is critical in the face of resistance of Plasmodium falciparum to chloroquine (CQ) and sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP). We conducted a randomized controlled trial comparing the efficacy of chlorproguanil-dapsone (CD) with a combination SP plus CQ in children in Nigeria less than five years of age with malaria...
On chikungunya acute infection and chloroquine treatment. [2008.12]
In recent issues, the efficacy of chloroquine (and the dosage that may be used) in the treatment of acute chikungunya infections was discussed. We have conducted a double-blind placebo-controlled randomized trial on the French Reunion Island (Indian Ocean), in which 27 patients received chloroquine and 27 patients received a placebo treatment...
Clinical Trials Related to Aralen (Chloroquine)
Trial of Azithromycin Plus Chloroquine Versus Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine Plus Chloroquine for the Treatment of Uncomplicated Malaria in India [Completed]
This primary objective of this study is to assess whether the combination of Azithromycin
with chloroquine is non-inferior to the combination of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine plus
chloroquine, when used to treat uncomplicated cases of malaria due to Plasmodium falciparum
in adults in India.
Azithromycin in Combination With Chloroquine Versus Chloroquine in the Eradication of Asymptomatic Plasmodium Falciparum [Terminated]
The purpose of this study is to determine if Azithromycin in combination with chloroquine is
superior to chloroquine alone in eradicating P. falciparum asexual parasitemia in
asymptomatic, semi-immune adults in Western Kenya.
Azithromycin Plus Chloroquine Versus Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine Plus Chloroquine For The Treatment Of Uncomplicated, Symptomatic Falciparum Malaria In Southeast Asia [Terminated]
CQSP in Malawi: Chloroquine and Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine Efficacy for the Treatment of Malaria in Malawi [Completed]
The purpose of this research study is to find out how well chloroquine works as a drug to
treat malaria in children, compared to the standard malaria treatment in Malawi. In
preparation for a longer study of the malaria treatment medication chloroquine alone and in
combination with other drugs, a shorter pre-study will be done to compare the anti-malarial
effectiveness of chloroquine versus sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP), the standard treatment in
Malawi. Two hundred ten children, ages 6 months to 12 years, around Blantyre, Malawi, will be
given standard dosing of either chloroquine or SP when they come to the Ndirande Health
Centre with signs or symptoms consistent with malaria. The first 30 participants in each
treatment group will remain under continuous observation at the health center so that the
researchers can monitor their response to the medication until the infection goes away. The
participants will be followed for 28 days to see if the the treatment works or fails.
Influence of Chloroquine on HIV Viral Load Among Pregnant Women in Uganda [Completed]
There is conflicting evidence regarding the influence of HIV infection on the success of
malaria prevention in pregnancy and effect on pregnancy outcome. The purpose of the proposed
study is to assess the impact of HIV infection on the effectiveness of malaria prevention
during pregnancy. This will be carried out by comparing two intermittent preventive
treatments (IPTs) with sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine (SP) plus 300 mg weekly chloroquine with two
doses IPT plus a weekly chloroquine placebo. The emphasis will be on assessing the effect
of chloroquine on HIV viral load and malaria morbidity and foetal outcome.
The study will be a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial with two arms, involving
pregnant women attending antenatal classes (ANCs) at health units, enrolled early in their
second trimester at 3 health units of the Mbarara district and Kampala. All pregnant women
presenting for antenatal care, irrespective of parity, who consent to participate will be
enrolled. Women with severe systemic disease or symptoms of AIDS will be excluded from the
study data analysis.
Women will be screened for HIV status and their HIV viral loads will be measured at
enrolment. Parasitaemia will be assessed at enrolment; at the beginning of the third
trimester; and at delivery. Haemoglobin will be measured at the same time points.
The main outcome variables to be assessed will be maternal peripheral parasitaemia; placental
parasitaemia; maternal clinical malaria; congenital parasitaemia; and maternal and neonatal
haemoglobin, birth weight and viral load at enrolment and before nevirapine administration to
the HIV positive mothers at birth.
Anthropological pre-studies to assess the quality of ANC services and healthcare seeking
practices of pregnant women in the study area will be carried out. Focus group discussions
(FGD) with pregnant women and mothers of neonates; in-depth interviews with relevant health
workers; and illness narratives from pregnant women will be used to collect data. The
anthropological study results will assist in appropriately planning for the trial to enhance
compliance to the intervention.
The data collection is planned to commence in August 2003 and is expected to end in October
2005. Twelve months will be spent on the write-up phase.
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