ANTIVENIN SUMMARY
Antivenin (Latrodectus mactans) is a sterile, non-pyrogenic preparation derived by drying a frozen solution of specific venom-neutralizing globulins obtained from the blood serum of healthy horses immunized against venom of black widow spiders (Latrodectus mactans). It is standardized by biological assay on mice, in terms of one dose of antivenin neutralizing the venom in not less than 6000 mouse LD50 of Latrodectus mactans. Thimerosal (mercury derivative) 1:10,000 is added as a preservative. When constituted as specified, it is opalescent, ranging in color from light (straw) to very dark (iced tea), and contains not more than 20.0 percent of solids.
Antivenin (Latrodectus mactans) is used to treat patients with symptoms due to bites by the black widow spider (Latrodectus mactans). Early use of the Antivenin is emphasized for prompt relief.
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NEWS HIGHLIGHTSMedia Articles Related to Antivenin (Latrodectus Mactans)
Spider Bites (Including Black Widow and Brown Recluse)
Source: MedicineNet Anaphylaxis Specialty [2009.06.24]
Title: Spider Bites (Including Black Widow and Brown Recluse)
Category: Diseases and Conditions
Created: 5/1/2006
Last Editorial Review: 6/24/2009
Published Studies Related to Antivenin (Latrodectus Mactans)
Monospecific antivenin therapy in Russell's viper bite. [1994.06]
Venom antigenemia was detected in 24 out of 30 Russell's viper bites. Those who suffered clinical bleeding (N = 14) had higher venom antigenemia than those who did not.One patient with clinical diagnosis of central nervous system bleeding died on admission.
Analysis of therapeutic benefits of antivenin at different time intervals after experimental envenomation in rabbits by venom of the brown spider (Loxosceles intermedia). [2009.05]
Bites by the brown spider (Loxosceles spp.) are an important health problem in South America, where three species predominate (Loxosceles laeta, Loxosceles gaucho, Loxosceles intermedia). Brown spider bites (loxoscelism) induce a block of cutaneous necrosis and, less commonly, may cause fatal systemic poisoning...
Toxic traveler? Latrodectus species envenomation in Michigan with refractory symptoms after antivenin administration. [2009.04]
A 17-year-old male was envenomated on the right forearm by a black widow spider that had presumably traveled in a packaged dishwasher and been shipped from Mexico to Michigan... To avoid prolonged symptomatology and hospitalization, additional Latrodectus antivenin should be given promptly to those individuals whose symptoms are not ameliorated after 1 vial.
[Paraspecific antivenins and exotic bites of snakes: about two case reports] [2008.04]
Envenomation from bite of exotic snakes is rare in France and represent a serious therapeutic problem: only an adapted antivenom is effective and obtaining such a treatment is a real difficulty. The authors report two clinical cases of envenomation with defibrination after bite by pit vipers from South America...
Utility of scorpion antivenin vs prazosin in the management of severe Mesobuthus tamulus (Indian red scorpion) envenoming at rural setting. [2007.01]
BACKGROUND : Scorpion antivenom (SAV) is specific antidote to scorpion venom..SAV did not prevent the cardiovascular morbidity and mortality (autonomic storm), hence its utility in the management for severe scorpion envenomingmay be limited.
Clinical Trials Related to Antivenin (Latrodectus Mactans)
The Efficacy and Safety of Aracmyn in Patients With Systemic Latrodectism [Completed]
The purpose of this study is to compare the safety and effectiveness of an investigational
antivenom and the current standard of care (pain management with opioid analgesics) for
treating patients with a widow spider bite. The working hypotheses are as follows:
1. the investigational antivenom is more promptly effective at alleviating the pain
associated with a widow spider bite than routine management with opioid pain medication
2. the investigational antivenom is as safe a treatment as opioid pain medication in
treating patients with a widow spider bite.
Improving Safety of Antivenom in People Bitten by Snakes [Completed]
A study to increase the safety of polyvalent antivenom involving 1000 patients in three
centres: low dose adrenaline, promethazine, & hydrocortisone (alone and in combination) to
prevent acute adverse reactions to antivenom in people bitten by snakes: randomised, double
blind, placebo-controlled trial.
The Efficacy of Crotaline Fab Antivenom for Copperhead Snake Envenomations [Recruiting]
Most patients bitten by copperhead snakes do not currently receive antivenom. Some snakebite
victims have long term problems with the function of the limb that was bitten. This study
will determine whether early administration of antivenom to patients with mild to moderate
copperhead snakebites reduces long-term complications.
Black Widow Spider Antivenin for Patients With Systemic Latrodectism [Not yet recruiting]
The purpose of this study is to test the effectiveness and safety of a new antivenom called
Analatro® for treating black widow spider bites in patients who present to a hospital
emergency room within 24 hours of symptom onset. This study will be a phase III,
multi-center, double-blind, randomized controlled study that takes place in emergency
departments. The primary aim of this study is to determine the proportion of patients in
which pain control was not achieved by 48 hours post treatment. Secondary aims are as
follows: 1) a reduction in pain intensity at the end of the treatment phase compared to
baseline; 2) the proportion of patients with a clinically significant decrease in pain
intensity at 30 minutes post-treatment; 3) the proportion of patients in which drug-related
adverse events occurred; and 4) to determine if serious, drug-related adverse events in
Analatro-treated patients occurred at a rate greater than one in 10 (10%).
Phase 3 Multicenter Comparative Study to Confirm Safety and Effectiveness of the F(ab)2 Antivenom Anavip. [Recruiting]
The purpose of this study is to establish if F(ab)2 antivenom (Anavip) is safe for
crotalinae envenomation. Confirm its effectiveness in preventing the occurrence of delayed
coagulopathies and compare the safety and efficacy with Fab antivenom (CroFab) in patients
with Crotalinae envenomation.
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