Amphetamine (Amphetamine) - Summary

AMPHETAMINE SUMMARY

A single entity amphetamine product combining the neutral sulfate salts of dextroamphetamine and amphetamine, with the dextro isomer of amphetamine saccharate and d, l-amphetamine aspartate.

Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity: Adderall is indicated as an integral part of a total treatment program which typically includes other remedial measures (psychological, educational, social) for a stabilizing effect in children with behavioral syndrome characterized by the following group of developmentally inappropriate symptoms: moderate to severe distractibility, short attention span, hyperactivity, emotional lability, and impulsivity. The diagnosis of this syndrome should not be made with finality when these symptoms are only of comparatively recent origin. Nonlocalizing (soft) neurological signs, learning disability and abnormal EEG may or may not be present, and a diagnosis of central nervous system dysfunction may or may not be warranted.

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NEWS HIGHLIGHTS

Media Articles Related to Amphetamine

$17 Million To UC San Diego For Methamphetamine/AIDS Research
Source: HIV / AIDS News From Medical News Today [2009.11.15]
Igor Grant, MD, professor of psychiatry at the University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, and colleagues have been awarded a $17 million grant from the National Institute on Drug Abuse to establish the Translational Methamphetamine AIDS Research Center (TMARC) at UC San Diego. Grant is director of the HIV Neurobehavioral Research Center (HNRC), a clinical research center designated and funded by the National Institute of Mental Health.

Adult Working Memory May Be Impaired By Amphetamine Use In Adolescence
Source: ADHD News From Medical News Today [2009.10.22]
Rats exposed to high doses of amphetamines at an age that corresponds to the later years of human adolescence display significant memory deficits as adults - long after the exposure ends, researchers report. The declines in short-term or "working" memory are most pronounced when the rats are exposed during adolescence, rather than as adults, the researchers found.

KemPharm, Inc. Announces Initiation Of Phase 1 Trial Of KP106 For ADHD
Source: ADHD News From Medical News Today [2009.10.25]
KemPharm, Inc. announced that it has commenced a Phase 1 clinical trial in healthy volunteers of its novel prodrug compound, KP106, which is in development for the treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). KP106, a new chemical entity (NCE) composed of d-amphetamine and a ligand, is the lead investigational candidate from KemPharm's proprietary ligand activated therapy (LAT) platform, which creates improved versions of FDA-approved drugs.

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Published Studies Related to Amphetamine

Preventing growth in amphetamine use: long-term effects of the Midwestern Prevention Project (MPP) from early adolescence to early adulthood. [2009.08.04]
ABSTRACT Aim The aim of the current study was to examine the long-term effect of an early adolescent substance abuse prevention program on trajectories and initiation of amphetamine use into early adulthood. Design Eight middle schools were assigned randomly to a program or control condition.Study findings suggest that early adolescent substance use prevention programs that focus initially on the 'gateway' drugs have utility for long-term prevention of amphetamine use.

The effects of L-amphetamine sulfate on cognition in MS patients: results of a randomized controlled trial. [2009.07]
Defects in processing speed and memory are common in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. In other populations, amphetamines have been shown to enhance cognition, but their use is limited by adverse behavioral effects... However, because the positive findings were observed on secondary outcome measures, the study requires replication before L: -amphetamine sulfate can be recommended for the treatment of cognitive impairment in MS.

Correlates of incarceration among young methamphetamine users in Chiang Mai, Thailand. [2009.07]
OBJECTIVES: We examined correlates of incarceration among young methamphetamine users in Chiang Mai, Thailand in 2005 to 2006... CONCLUSIONS: Incarcerated methamphetamine users are engaging in behaviors and being exposed to environments that put them at increased risk of infection and harmful practices. Alternatives to incarceration need to be explored for youths.

Amphetamine-induced place preference in humans. [2009.05.15]
BACKGROUND: The conditioned place preference procedure is a widely used animal model of rewarding drug effects that, to date, has not been tested in humans. In this study, we sought to demonstrate that humans, like nonhumans, would exhibit a preference for a place previously associated with amphetamine. Further, we investigated the relationship between conditioned place preference and the mood-altering effects of the drug... CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that humans, like nonhumans, prefer a place associated with amphetamine administration. These findings support the idea that subjective responses to a drug contribute to its ability to establish place conditioning.

Effects of oral methamphetamine on cocaine use: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. [2009.04.01]
BACKGROUND: No medication is currently approved for the treatment of cocaine dependence, but several preclinical and clinical reports suggest agonist-like medications, e.g., amphetamine analogues, may be a productive strategy for medication development. OBJECTIVE: This current proof-of-concept study sought to evaluate the safety, tolerability, and effectiveness of methamphetamine as a candidate treatment for cocaine dependence... CONCLUSIONS: SR methamphetamine significantly reduced cocaine use and craving. Additional research is warranted to develop and evaluate agonist-like medications that may effectively treat cocaine dependence.

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Clinical Trials Related to Amphetamine

Safety, Tolerability and Abuse Liability Study of Intravenous NRP104 in Adults With Stimulant Abuse Histories [Completed]
This research is being done to evaluate if NRP 104 is a safe drug. The other purpose is to learn if NRP104, when injected into a vein, produces a high and any other effects like amphetamine and other stimulant drugs that are abused. This information will give some indication if NRP104 can be abused. Healthy people, between the ages of 18 and 55 with histories of substance abuse that include stimulant drugs, may join. Amphetamines are drugs that are used most often to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children, to treat narcolepsy (excessive sleepiness) and for weight loss.

Dextro-Amphetamine Versus Caffeine in Treatment-Resistant OCD [Active, not recruiting]
The study hypothesis is that dextro-amphetamine (d-amphetamine) will be safe and effective when used to augment treatment for OCD, and that tolerance (loss of therapeutic effect) to the medication will not develop over a period of several weeks.

A Pilot Study of Citicoline Add-on Therapy in Patients With Bipolar Disorder or Major Depressive Disorder and Amphetamine Abuse or Dependence [Recruiting]
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a common and severe psychiatric illness. Drug and alcohol abuse are very common in people with BD and other mood disorders and are associated with increased rates of hospitalization, violence towards self and others, medication non-adherence and cognitive impairment. However, few studies have investigated the treatment of dual-diagnosis patients as substance use is frequently an exclusion criterion in clinical trials of patients with BD. To address this need we have developed a research program that explores the pharmacotherapy of people with BD and substance related-disorders. A potentially very interesting treatment for BD is citicoline. Some data suggest that this supplement may stabilize mood, decrease drug use and craving, and improve memory. We found promising results with citicoline in patients with BD and cocaine dependence. In recent years the use of amphetamine and methamphetamine has become an important public health concern. However, virtually no research has been conducted on the treatment of amphetamine abuse. We propose a double-blind placebo controlled prospective trial of citicoline in a group of 60 depressed outpatients with bipolar disorder, depressed phase or major depressive disorder and amphetamine abuse/dependence, to explore the safety and tolerability of citicoline, and its efficacy for mood symptoms, stimulant use and craving and its impact on cognition. Our goal is to determine which symptoms (e. g. mood, cognition, substance use) citicoline appears to be most effective and estimate effect sizes for future work.

Study to Evaluate the Likeability, Safety, and Abuse Potential of NRP 104 in Adults With Histories of Stimulant Abuse [Completed]
This research is being done to evaluate if NRP104 is a safe drug. The other purpose is to learn if NRP104 produces a high and any other effects like amphetamine and other stimulant drugs that are abused. This information will give some indication if NRP104 can be abused. NRP104 is an investigational drug. This means that it has not been approved by the U. S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Healthy people, between the ages of 18 and 55 with histories of substance abuse that include stimulant drugs, may join. Amphetamines are drugs that are used most often to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children, to treat narcolepsy (excessive sleepiness) and for weight loss.

Study of Medical Treatment for Methamphetamine Addiction [Recruiting]
Currently there are no medications approved for the treatment of methamphetamine addiction. Bupropion is an antidepressant that is approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of depression and for cigarette smoking cessation but is not approved by the FDA for the treatment of methamphetamine addiction. Preliminary research studies suggest that bupropion may help people receiving treatment for methamphetamine addiction to reduce or to stop their methamphetamine use. But results of these studies also suggest that bupropion may help certain groups of patients more than others, such as men versus women and light versus heavy methamphetamine users, although the reasons for this difference are not known. One possibility is that a person's genetic make up may influence whether or not they respond to treatment with bupropion for methamphetamine addiction.

The purpose of the study is to determine if bupropion is can help people reduce or stop their methamphetamine use and to investigate whether genetic variations influence whether people respond to treatment with bupropion for methamphetamine addiction, which may help doctors and patients better decide if treatment with bupropion will be beneficial or not. To identify possible genetic variations that influence response to bupropion, we will perform genetic tests on blood or saliva specimens from participants receiving treatment with either bupropion or placebo (which is a pill that contains no medication) in conjunction with standard cognitive behavioral therapy drug counseling. We will compare methamphetamine use, as assessed with urine drug screens, among participants receiving bupropion versus those receiving placebo to determine if bupropion helps people to reduce or stop their methamphetamine use. We will then compare the results of the genetic tests among participants who respond and who do not respond to bupropion. In addition, since the amount of methamphetamine a person uses was associated with response to bupropion in preliminary studies, we will also compare the results of genetic testing among persons with heavy versus light methamphetamine use before entering treatment.

Results of this study have the potential to provide insights into the biology of methamphetamine addiction and help increase the understanding of how bupropion works. This information could be useful to develop effective medications for methamphetamine addiction and to improve the ability of clinicians to provide treatment to patients with methamphetamine addiction.

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