Aminohippurate (Aminohippurate Sodium) - Summary

AMINOHIPPURATE SUMMARY

Aminohippurate sodium* is an agent to measure effective renal plasma flow (ERPF). It is the sodium salt of para-aminohippuric acid, commonly abbreviated "PAH."It is water soluble, lipid-insoluble, and has a pKa of 3.83.

Estimation of effective renal plasma flow.

Measurement of the functional capacity of the renal tubular secretory mechanism.

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NEWS HIGHLIGHTS

Published Studies Related to Aminohippurate

Effects of tenoxicam on renal function and the disposition of inulin and p-aminohippurate in healthy volunteers and patients with chronic renal failure. [1991.10]
1. The effects of tenoxicam on renal function were studied in 10 patients with chronic renal failure (creatinine clearance 46.7 +/- 11.9 ml min-1 1.73 m-2) and eight healthy volunteers... The administration of tenoxicam for 10 days was associated with a small but significant increase in the plasma half-life and volume of distribution of inulin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS).

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Clinical Trials Related to Aminohippurate

Determination of Kidney Function [Recruiting]
Much more about kidney disorders can be learned by determining kidney function. This research proposes to study the kidneys function by several parameters known as glomerular filtration rate (GFR), Renal Plasma Flow (RPF), and Glomerular Capillary Wall Permselectivity.

The study will select patients suffering from different types of kidney diseases. These patients will be selected based on the presence of significant amounts of protein in their urine (proteinuria).

Standard blood and urine tests are often unable to provide completely accurate information about the kidney. In order for researchers to have a more accurate idea of kidney function, they will use alternative tests. Test materials (para aminohippurate and inulin) will be injected into patients veins that provides information based on their filtration through the kidneys.

Renogram Study With Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PERC): Alterations in Renal Blood Flow as a Consequence of PERC [Recruiting]
Patients with large or otherwise complex renal calculi are commonly treated by percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL; PERC). PERC requires the creation of an approximately 10 mm channel through the renal parenchyma, into the intra-renal collecting system, in order to effect stone fragmentation and extraction. Although the nephrostomy tract is confined to a small fraction of the renal parenchyma (approximately 1%), the trauma associated with the creation of the tract will affect blood flow and oxygen delivery to regions beyond the immediate site of injury. It is possible that this could result in a significant functional renal impairment. There are several reports describing the effect of PERC on renal function, but interpretation of these studies is difficult, due to a lack of uniformity in patient selection and variability in the timing of peri-operative evaluation. Recent data from the investigators' lab, obtained from a porcine model, suggest that, acutely, PERC causes a significant decrease in renal function as measured by para amino hippurate (PAH) clearance. The purpose of this study is to determine, in a rigorous and standardized fashion, the acute effects of PERC on renal function, as measured by nuclear renography.

Subcutaneous Injection of Human Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP), Natrecor (Nesiritide), to Improve Kidney and Hormonal Function of People With Abnormal Function of the Heart [Recruiting]
To determine if you are eligible for this study you will have the following blood tests done as part of the screening procedures: blood count, kidney and liver blood test. If you are in Group of 40, you will complete a 6-minute walk test. You will be instructed to follow a no-added-salt diet for 1-3 weeks before the study and for the whole duration of the study. Diet instructions will be given to you and you will collect your urine for 24 hours before the active study day. You will need to avoid strenuous exercise and abstain from smoking, alcohol, and caffeine for 3 days prior to the study days. You will remain on your regular medications. If your urine collection shows that there is too much salt, you will need to continue the diet for one more week and another urine collection will be done. You will need to come to the General Clinical Research Center (GCRC) at St. Marys Hospital the evening before the study day, between 5: 00 p. m. and 6: 00 p. m. The next morning, two catheters (small plastic tubes) will be placed in your arm vein, one for giving fluids and one for sampling blood. You will be given an injection of two substances, iothalamate and para-amino-hippurate (PAH), that will allow the investigators to measure and record the function of your kidneys. You will be asked to drink water to be sure that your urine flow is adequate, and to empty your bladder every 30 minutes. If you are not able to go to the bathroom every half hour, a urinary catheter will be used if you agree to its use. Each time you empty your bladder, an ultrasound of your bladder will be done to see if you emptied completely. Blood pressure will be measured frequently and your heart rate will be monitored. The collection periods will consist of obtaining samples of urine and blood to measure hormone levels. You will also have an echocardiogram and tonometry (ultrasound exam of your heart and blood vessels) performed. At the completion of the three 30-minute collection periods, by the flip of a coin you will receive either BNP or placebo (salt solution) injected subcutaneously into the stomach wall. Neither you nor the study doctor will know which subcutaneous (SQ) injection you received. Immediately after that, the investigators will infuse salt solution through the catheter in the vein for 1 hour. During that hour, we will continue to collect blood and urine every 30 minutes. You will spend about 24 hours in the GCRC. After 2 weeks, you will return to the GCRC and have the study repeated, and this time you will receive the other SQ injection which you did not receive the first time. Natrecor has been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to be given intravenously for the management of acute heart failure. For the whole study, the total amount of blood drawn from you will be about a 3/4cup (250 mls). You will be in the study for 1-3 months.

Human BNP (Nesiritide) to Help Heart, Kidney, and Hormonal Functions in Persons With Lower Heart Pumping Function [Recruiting]
The following are done for screening procedures to determine if patients are eligible for this study: blood count, kidney and liver blood tests. Patients will complete a 6-minute walk test. Patients will be instructed to follow a no-added-salt diet for 1-3 weeks before the study and for the whole duration of the study. Diet instructions will be given to the patient and the patient will collect his/her urine for 24 hours before the active study day. Patients will need to avoid strenuous exercise and abstain from smoking, alcohol, and caffeine for 3 days prior to the study days. Patients will remain on their regular medications. Please read the detailed description for more information.

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