ACETAZOLAMIDE SUMMARY
AcetaZOLAMIDE TABLETS USP
Acetazolamide, an inhibitor of the enzyme carbonic anhydrase, is a white to faintly yellowish white crystalline, odorless powder, weakly acidic, very slightly soluble in water and slightly soluble in alcohol.
Acetazolamide is indicated for the following:
For adjunctive treatment of: edema due to congestive heart failure; drug-induced edema; centrencephalic epilepsies (petit mal, unlocalized seizures); chronic simple (open-angle) glaucoma, secondary glaucoma, and preoperatively in acute angle-closure glaucoma where delay of surgery is desired in order to lower intraocular pressure.
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NEWS HIGHLIGHTS
Published Studies Related to Acetazolamide
The effects of sildenafil and acetazolamide on breathing efficiency and ventilatory control during hypoxic exercise. [2009.07]
The reduced arterial oxygen tension at high altitude impairs the ability to work. Acetazolamide improves arterial oxygen saturation (SaO(2)) by increasing ventilation but is associated with an increased work and cost of breathing.In conclusion, acetazolamide increased ventilation and reduced breathing efficiency while sildenafil did not affect breathing efficiency despite a trend toward a blunted ventilatory response, possibly due to a reduction in pulmonary hypertension and/or ventilatory drive, during submaximal hypoxic exercise in healthy individuals.
A comparison of sodium bicarbonate infusion versus normal saline infusion and its combination with oral acetazolamide for prevention of contrast-induced nephropathy: a randomized, double-blind trial. [2009]
BACKGROUND: Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) is commonly encountered. Because the therapy of choice for prevention of CIN is controversial, in this study we compared the preventive efficacy of bicarbonate (Bi) infusion in dextrose water versus normal saline (NLS) infusion alone or in combination with oral acetazolamide (AZ)... CONCLUSIONS: It seems that both Bi and AZ reduce the risk of CIN-related AKI, and close monitoring of serum potassium is needed during bicarbonate infusion.
Acetazolamide fails to decrease pulmonary artery pressure at high altitude in partially acclimatized humans. [2008.09]
Abstract Buddha Basnyat, Jenny Hargrove, Peter S.The efficacy of acetazolamide against acute mountain sickness, however, was significant with a 21.9% incidence in the placebo group compared to 10.2 % in the acetazolamide group (p < 0.01).
Acetazolamide for Monge's disease: efficiency and tolerance of 6-month treatment. [2008.06.15]
RATIONALE: Monge's disease is characterized by an excessive erythrocytosis, frequently associated with pulmonary hypertension, in high-altitude dwellers. It has a considerable impact on public health in high-altitude regions. A preliminary study demonstrated the efficiency of acetazolamide (Acz) (250 mg/d for 3 wk) in reducing serum erythropoietin and hematocrit. OBJECTIVES: Evaluate the efficacy and tolerance of a 6-month treatment with 250 mg Acz that could be chronically implemented and its effects on pulmonary artery pressure and cardiac function... CONCLUSIONS: Acz reduces erythrocytosis and improves pulmonary circulation in Monge's disease without adverse effects. Its implementation as a chronic treatment for this disease appears efficient and safe.
Low-dose acetylsalicylic Acid analog and acetazolamide for prevention of acute mountain sickness. [2008.03]
ABSTRACT Bengt, Kayser, Ronald Hulsebosch, and Frank Bosch. Low-dose acetylsalicylic acid analog and acetazolamide for prevention of acute mountain sickness.
Clinical Trials Related to Acetazolamide
Comparison Between Effect of Acetazolamide and NaHco3 in Prevention of Contrast Nephropathy [Completed]
The purpose of this study is whether Acetazolamide is effective in prevention of contrast
nephropathy
Effects of Acetazolamide and CO2 Inhalation on Exercise-Induced Periodic Breathing in Heart Failure [Recruiting]
To evaluate the effects of CO2 inhalation and acetazolamide treatment on exercise-induced
periodic breathing in patients with chronic stable heart failure.
Patients will be given CO2 (2%) during a constant workload exercise. Patients will be also
evaluated by maximal cardiopulmonary exercise test without and with acetazolamide acute and
chronic treatment.
Continuous Positive Airway Pressure and Acetazolamide to Treat Sleep Apnea Syndrome Patients at Altitude [Recruiting]
The purpose of the study is to investigate the effect of nasal continuous positive airway
pressure in combination with acetazolamide as a treatment for sleep related breathing
disturbances in patients with the obstructive sleep apnea syndrome living at low altitude
during a sojourn at moderate altitude.
Acetazolamide for Respiratory Failure in Combination With Metabolic Alkalosis [Recruiting]
Respiratory failure is a common consequence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
A concurrent metabolic alkalosis may worsen the respiratory failure, as a higher pH in blood
(and thus in cerebrospinal fluid) results in a weaker respiratory drive. Use of diuretics is
the most common cause of metabolic alkalosis.
When a patient with an acute exacerbation of a respiratory failure is also alkalotic, there
are (at least theoretical) reasons to lower the pH in order to increase the respiratory
drive. Among other alternatives, the drug acetazolamide can be used for this purpose.
In some hospitals there is a tradition for the use of acetazolamide on this indication, but
any evidence for the effect of such a treatment is rather weak.
Thus, the aim of this trial is to evaluate the effect of acetazolamide as an adjuvant
treatment for hospitalized patients with acute exacerbation of respiratory failure in
combination with metabolic alkalosis.
Treatment of High Altitude Polycythemia by Acetazolamide [Not yet recruiting]
The prevalence of High Altitude Polycythemia (or Chronic Mountain Sickness) is between 8 and
15% in the high altitude regions of South America. There is no pharmacological treatment
available. After a first preliminary study in 2003 demonstrating the beneficial effects of
acetazolamide in reducing hematocrit in these patients, after 3 weeks of treatment, we want
to confirm this effect and implement a treatment protocol of 3 month-duration.
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