Brands, Medical Use, Clinical Data
Drug Category
- Anti-Infectives
- Sulfonamides
Dosage Forms
- Tablet
- Oral suspension
- Eye drops
Brands / Synonyms
Accuzole; Alphazole; Amidoxal; Astrazolo; Azo Gantrisin; Azosulfizin; Bactesulf; Barazae; Chemouag; Cosoxazole; Dorsulfan; Dorsulfan Warthausen; Entusil; Entusul; G-Sox; Ganda; Gantrisin; Gantrisine; Gantrisona; Gantrosan; Isoxamin; J-Sul; Koro-Sulf; Neazolin; Neoxazol; Norilgan-S; Novazolo; Novosaxazole; Pancid; Pediazole; Renosulfan; Resoxol; Roxosul; Roxosul Tablets; Roxoxol; Saxosozine; SI; Sk-Soxazole; Sodizole; Sosol; Soxamide; Soxazole; Soxisol; Soxitabs; Soxo; Soxomide; Stansin; Sulbio; Sulfadimethylisoxazole; Sulfafurazol; Sulfafurazole; Sulfagan; Sulfagen; Sulfaisoxazole; Sulfalar; Sulfapolar; Sulfasan; Sulfasol; Sulfasoxazole; Sulfazin; Sulfisin; Sulfisonazole; Sulfisoxasole; Sulfisoxazol; Sulfisoxazole Dialamine; Sulfisoxazole Diolamine; Sulfizin; Sulfizol; Sulfizole; Sulfofurazole; Sulfoxol; Suloxsol; Sulphadimethylisoxazole; Sulphafuraz; Sulphafurazol; Sulphafurazole; Sulphafurazolum; Sulphaisoxazole; Sulphisoxazol; Sulphofurazole; Sulsoxin; Thiasin; Tl-Azole; Unisulf; Urisoxin; Uritrisin; Urogan; V-Sul; Vagilia
Indications
Treatment of severe, repeated, or long-lasting urinary tract infections, meningococcal meningitis, acute otitis media, trachoma, inclusion conjunctivitis, nocardiosis, chancroid, toxoplasmosis, malaria and other bacterial infections.
Pharmacology
Sulfisoxazole is a sulfonamide antibiotic. The sulfonamides are synthetic bacteriostatic antibiotics with a wide spectrum against most gram-positive and many gram-negative organisms. However, many strains of an individual species may be resistant. Sulfonamides inhibit multiplication of bacteria by acting as competitive inhibitors of p-aminobenzoic acid in the folic acid metabolism cycle. Bacterial sensitivity is the same for the various sulfonamides, and resistance to one sulfonamide indicates resistance to all. Most sulfonamides are readily absorbed orally. However, parenteral administration is difficult, since the soluble sulfonamide salts are highly alkaline and irritating to the tissues. The sulfonamides are widely distributed throughout all tissues. High levels are achieved in pleural, peritoneal, synovial, and ocular fluids. Although these drugs are no longer used to treat meningitis, CSF levels are high in meningeal infections. Their antibacterial action is inhibited by pus.
Mechanism of Action
Sulfisoxazole is a competitive inhibitor of the enzyme dihydropteroate synthetase. It inhibits bacterial synthesis of of dihydrofolic acid by preventing the condensation of the pteridine with para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA), a substrate of the enzyme dihydropteroate synthetase. The inhibited reaction is necessary in these organisms for the synthesis of folic acid.
Absorption
Not Available
Toxicity
LD50=6800 mg/kg (Orally in mice)
Biotrnasformation / Drug Metabolism
Not Available
Contraindications
Contraindications:
Sulfisoxazole should not be given to patients who are hypersensitive to erythromycin,
sulfonamides, or any component of the formulation, who have hepatic dysfunction, and
porphyria. It is containdicated in infants of less than 2 months of age.
Sulfisoxazole can not be used concurrently with pimozide or cisapride.
Drug Interactions
Not Available
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