Brands, Medical Use, Clinical Data
Drug Category
- Radiation-Sensitizing Agents
- Anti-Infectives
- Antiprotozoals
Dosage Forms
- Tablet
- Intravenous injection
Brands / Synonyms
Acromona; Anagiardil; Apo-Metronidazole; Arilin; Atrivyl; Bayer 5360; Benzoylmetronildazole; Bexon; Clont; Cont; Danizol; Deflamon; Deflamon-Wirkstoff; Efloran; Elyzol; Entizol; Eumin; Flagemona; Flagesol; Flagil; Flagyl; Flagyl ER; Flagyl I.V.; Flagyl I.V. Rtu; Flegyl; Fossyol; Gel; Giatricol; Gineflavir; Helidac; Klion; Klont; Meronidal; Methronidazole; Metric 21; Metro Cream &Amp; Metro I.V.; Metro I.V. In Plastic Container; Metrocream; Metrogel; Metrogel-Vaginal; Metrolag; Metrolotion; Metrolyl; Metromidol; Metronidaz; Metronidazol; Metronidazole; Metronidazole Benzoate; Metronidazole Hcl; Metronidazole in Plastic Container; Metronidazolo; Metrotop; Mexibol; Monagyl; Monasin; Nalox; Neo-Tric; Nida; Nidagel; Noritate; Novonidazol; Orvagil; Protostat; Pylera; Rathimed; Sanatrichom; Satric; Takimetol; Trichazol; Trichex; Tricho Cordes; Tricho-Gynaedron; Trichocide; Trichomol; Trichomonacid 'Pharmachim'; Trichopal; Trichopol; Tricocet; Tricom; Tricowas B; Trikacide; Trikamon; Trikojol; Trikozol; Trimeks; Trivazol; Vagilen; Vagimid; Vertisal; Wagitran; Zadstat
Indications
Treatment of acute acne rosacea
Pharmacology
Metronidazole, a synthetic antibacterial and antiprotozoal agent of the nitroimidazole class, is used against protozoa such as Trichomonas vaginalis, amebiasis, and giardiasis. Metronidazole is extremely effective against anaerobic bacterial infections and is also used to treat Crohn's disease, antibiotic-associated diarrhea, and rosacea.
Mechanism of Action
Unionized metronidazole is selective for anaerobic bacteria due to their ability to intracellularly reduce metronidazole to its active form. This reduced metronidazole then disrupts DNA's helical structure, inhibiting bacterial nucleic acid synthesis and resulting in bacterial cell death.
Absorption
Well absorbed
Toxicity
Convulsive seizures and peripheral neuropathy, the latter characterized mainly by numbness or paresthesia of an extremity, LD50=500 mg/kg/day (orally in rat)
Biotrnasformation / Drug Metabolism
Hepatic
Contraindications
METROGELÒ (metronidazole gel), 1% is contraindicated in those patients
with a history of hypersensitivity to metronidazole or to any other ingredient in this formulation.
Drug Interactions
Oral metronidazole has been reported to potentiate the anticoagulant effect of coumarin and warfarin, resulting in
a prolongation of prothrombin time. Drug interactions should be kept in mind when METROGELÒ (metronidazole gel), 1% is prescribed for patients who are receiving anticoagulant
treatment, although they are less likely to occur with topical metronidazole administration because of low
absorption.
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