Brands, Medical Use, Clinical Data
Drug Category
- Antihypertensive Agents
- Diuretics, Sulfamyl
Dosage Forms
Brands / Synonyms
Apo-Indapamide; Arifon; Bajaten; Cormil; Damide; Fludex; Gen-Indapamide; Idapamide; Indaflex; Indamol; Indapamida [INN-Spanish]; Indapamide; Indapamidum; Indapamidum [INN-Latin]; Ipamix; Lozide; Lozol; Natrilix; Natrix; Noranat; Novo-Indapamide; Nu-Indapamide; Pressurai; Pressural [as hemihydrate]; Tandix; Tertensif; Veroxil
Indications
For the treatment of hypertension, alone or in combination with other antihypertensive drugs as well as for the treatment of salt and fluid retention associated with congestive heart failure or edema from pregnancy.
Pharmacology
Indapamide is an antihypertensive and a diuretic. It contains both a polar sulfamoyl chlorobenzamide moiety and a lipid- soluble methylindoline moiety. Indapamide bears a structural similarity to the triazide diuretics which are known to decrease vascular smooth muscle reactivity. However, it differs chemically from the thiazides in that it does not possess the thiazide ring system and contains only one sulfonamide group. Indapamide appears to cause vasodilation, probably by inhibiting the passage of calcium and other ions (sodium, potassium) across membranes. This same effect may cause hypokalcemia in susceptible individuals. Indapamide has also been shown to cause uterine myometrial relaxation in experimental animals. Overall, indapamide has an extra-renal antihypertensive action resulting in a decrease in vascular hyperreactivity and a reduction in total peripheral and arteriolar resistance.
Mechanism of Action
Indapamide blocks the slow component of delayed rectifier potassium current (IKs) without altering the rapid component (IKr) or the inward rectifier current. Specifically it blocks or antagonizes the action the proteins KCNQ1 and KCNE1. Indapamide is also thought to stimulate the synthesis of the vasodilatory hypotensive prostaglandin PGE2.
Absorption
Rapidly absorbed from gastrointestinal tract.
Toxicity
Side effects include electrolyte imbalance (potassium or salt depletion due to too much fluid loss), nausea, stomach disorders, vomiting, weakness
Biotrnasformation / Drug Metabolism
Primarily hepatic. Indapamide is an extensively metabolized drug with only about 7+ACU- of the total dose administered, recovered in the urine as unchanged drug during the first 48 hours after administration.
Contraindications
Anuria. Known hypersensitivity to indapamide or to other sulfonamide-derived drugs.
Drug Interactions
Not Available
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