Brands, Medical Use, Clinical Data
Drug Category
- Adjuvants, Anesthesia
- Muscarinic Antagonists
- Anti-cholinergic Agents
Dosage Forms
Brands / Synonyms
Asecryl; Gastrodyn; Glycopyrrolate; Glycopyrronium bromide; Nodapton; Robanul; Robinal; Robinul; Tarodyl; Tarodyn
Indications
For use as a preoperative antimuscarinic to reduce salivary, tracheobronchial, and pharyngeal secretions, to reduce the volume and free acidity of gastric secretions and to block cardiac vagal inhibitory reflexes during induction of anesthesia and intubation.
Pharmacology
Glycopyrrolate decreases acid secretion in the stomach. Hence it can be used for treating ulcers in the stomach and small intestine, in combination with other medications. In anesthesia, glycopyrrolate injection serves as a preoperative antimuscarinic operation that reduces salivary, tracheobronchial, and pharyngeal secretions, as well as decreases the acidity of gastric secretions blocks cardiac vagal inhibitory reflexes during intubation
Mechanism of Action
Glycopyrrolate binds to the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor. Like other anticholinergic (antimuscarinic) agents, inhibits the action of acetylcholine on structures innervated by postganglionic cholinergic nerves and on smooth muscles that respond to acetylcholine but lack cholinergic innervation. These peripheral cholinergic receptors are present in the autonomic effector cells of smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, the sinoatrial node, the atrioventricular node, exocrine glands and, to a limited degree, in the autonomic ganglia. Thus, it diminishes the volume and free acidity of gastric secretions and controls excessive pharyngeal, tracheal, and bronchial secretions.
Absorption
Rapidly absorbed (1-2 minutes) after intravenous injection
Toxicity
Side effects include dry mouth, difficult urinating, heachaches, diarrhea and constipation. The medication also induces drowsiness or blurred vision. LD50=709 mg/kg (rat, oral).
Biotrnasformation / Drug Metabolism
Not Available
Contraindications
Known hypersensitivity to glycopyrrolate or any of its inactive ingredients.
In addition, in the management of peptic ulcer patients, because of the longer duration of therapy, Robinul
Injection may be contraindicated in patients with the following concurrent conditions: glaucoma; obstructive uropathy
(for example, bladder neck obstruction due to prostatic hypertrophy); obstructive disease of the gastrointestinal
tract (as in achalasia, pyloroduodenal stenosis, etc.); paralytic ileus, intestinal atony of the elderly or
debilitated patient; unstable cardiovascular status in acute hemorrhage; severe ulcerative colitis; toxic megacolon
complicating ulcerative colitis; myasthenia gravis.
Drug Interactions
The concurrent use of Robinul Injection with other anticholinergics or medications with anticholinergic activity,
such as phenothiazines, antiparkinson drugs, or tricyclic antidepressants, may intensify the antimuscarinic effects
and may result in an increase in anticholinergic side effects.
Concomitant administration of Robinul Injection and potassium chloride in a wax matrix may increase the severity
of potassium chloride-induced gastrointestinal lesions as a result of a slower gastrointestinal transit time.
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