Brands, Medical Use, Clinical Data
Drug Category
- Anesthetics, Inhalation
- Neuroprotective Agents
Dosage Forms
- Liquid for administration via vaporizer
Brands / Synonyms
Desflurane [USAN:INN]; Desflurano [INN-Spanish]; Desfluranum [INN-Latin]; Suprane; Suprane
Indications
For use as an inhalation agent for induction and/or maintenance of anesthesia for inpatient and outpatient surgery in adults.
Pharmacology
Desflurane is a general inhalation anesthetic. It induces muscle relaxation and reduces pains sensitivity by altering tissue excitability. It does so by decreasing the extent of gap junction mediated cell-cell coupling and altering the activity of the channels that underlie the action potential.
Mechanism of Action
Desflurane induces a reduction in junctional conductance by decreasing gap junction channel opening times and increasing gap junction channel closing times. Desflurane also activates calcium dependent ATPase in the sarcoplasmic reticulum by increasing the fluidity of the lipid membrane. It also appears to bind the D subunit of ATP synthase and NADH dehydogenase. Desflurane also binds to the GABA receptor, the large conductance Ca2+ activated potassium channel, the glutamate receptor and the glycine receptor.
Absorption
Rapidly absorbed into the circulation via the lungs following inhalation.
Toxicity
Not Available
Biotrnasformation / Drug Metabolism
Minimally biotransformed in the liver in humans (approximately 0.02% of the quantity absorbed).
Contraindications
SUPRANE® (desflurane, USP) should not be used in patients with a known or suspected genetic susceptibility to
malignant hyperthermia.
Known sensitivity to SUPRANE® (desflurane, USP) or to other halogenated agents.
Drug Interactions
No clinically significant adverse interactions with commonly used preanesthetic drugs, or drugs used during
anesthesia (muscle relaxants, intravenous agents, and local anesthetic agents) were reported in clinical trials. The
effect of desflurane on the disposition of other drugs has not been determined.
Like isoflurane, desflurane does not predispose to premature ventricular arrhythmias in the presence of
exogenously infused epinephrine in swine.
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