Brands, Medical Use, Clinical Data
Drug Category
- Anti-bacterial Agents
- Anti-Infectives
Dosage Forms
- Oral rinse
- Pellet (extended-release)
- Periochip (in a biodegradable matrix of hydrolyzed gelatin cross-linked with glutaraldehyde)
- Cream
- Dressing
- Gel
- Lotion
- Ointment
- Sponge
Brands / Synonyms
Bioscrub; Brian Care; Chlorhexidin; Chlorhexidin [Czech]; Chlorhexidine Base; Chlorhexidine Gluconate; Chlorhexidine, Free Base; Chlorhexidinum [Inn-Latin]; Cida-Stat; Cloresidina [DCIT]; Clorhexidina [Inn-Spanish]; Decanoylacetaldehyde Sodium Sulfide; Dyna-Hex; E-Z Scrub; Exidine; Fimeil; Hexadol; Hibiclens; Hibidil; Hibiscrub; Hibisol; Hibispray; Hibistat; Hibitane; Microderm; Nolvasan; Oro-Clense; Peridex; Periochip; Periogard; Pharmaseal Scrub Care; Prevacare R; Rotersept; Savloclens; Savlon Babycare; Sodium Houttuyfonamide; Soretol; Steri-Stat; Sterido; Sterilon; Superspray; Tubulicid
Indications
For reduction of pocket depth in patients with adult periodontitis, used as an adjunct to scaling and root planing procedures. Also for prevention of dental caries, oropharyngeal decontamination in critically ill patients, hand hygiene in health-care personnel, general skin cleanser, and catheter site preparation and care.
Pharmacology
Chlorhexidine, a topical antimicrobial agent, is bactericidal. Because of its positive charge, the chlorhexidine molecule reacts with the microbial cell surface to destroy the integrity of the cell membrane. This novel mechanism of action makes it highly unlikely for the development of bacterial resistance.
Mechanism of Action
Chlorhexidine's antimicrobial effects are associated with the attractions between chlorhexidine (cation) and negatively charged bacterial cells. After chlorhexidine is absorpted onto the organism's cell wall, it disrupts the integrity of the cell membrane and causes the leakage of intracellular components of the organisms.
Absorption
Absorption of chlorhexidine from the gastrointestinal tract is very poor. Additionally, an in vivo study in 18 adult patients found no detectable plasma or urine chlorhexidine concentrations following insertion of four periodontal implants under clinical conditions.
Toxicity
LD50= 2g/kg (human, oral); LD50= 3 g/kg (rat, oral); LD50= 2.5 g/kg (mice, oral); LD50= 21 mg/kg (male rat, IV); LD50= 23 mg/kg (female rat, IV); LD50= 25 mg/kg (male mice, IV); LD50= 24 mg/kg (female mice, IV); LD50= 1g/kg (rat, subcutaneous); LD50= 637 mg/kg (male mice, subcutaneous); LD50= 632 mg/kg (female mice, subcutaneous)
Biotrnasformation / Drug Metabolism
Not Available
Contraindications
PerioChip should not be used in any patient who has a known sensitivity to chlorhexidine.
Drug Interactions
No information provided.
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