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Active ingredient: Ampicillin - Brands, Medical Use, Clinical Data

Brands, Medical Use, Clinical Data

Drug Category

  • Anti-bacterial Agents
  • Penicillins

Dosage Forms

  • Powder for solution

Brands / Synonyms

AB-PC; Ab-Pc Sol; Acillin; Adobacillin; AIC; Alpen; Amblosin; Amcill; Amfipen; Amfipen V; Aminobenzylpenicillin; Amipenix S; Ampen; Ampi; Ampi-Bol; Ampi-Co; Ampi-Tab; Ampichel; Ampicil; Ampicilina [Inn-Spanish]; Ampicillin; Ampicillin A; Ampicillin Acid; Ampicillin and Sulbactam; Ampicillin Anhydrate; Ampicillin Anhydrous; Ampicillin Base; Ampicillin Sodium; Ampicillin Trihydrate; Ampicillin [Usan:Ban:Inn:Jan]; Ampicillina [Dcit]; Ampicilline; Ampicilline [Inn-French]; Ampicillinum [Inn-Latin]; Ampicin; Ampifarm; Ampikel; Ampimed; Ampipenin; Ampipenin, Nt3; Ampiscel; Ampisyn; Ampivax; Ampivet; Amplacilina; Amplin; Amplipenyl; Amplisom; Amplital; Ampy-Penyl; Anhydrous Ampicillin; Austrapen; Bayer 5427; Binotal; Bonapicillin; Britacil; BRL; Campicillin; Cimex; Copharcilin; D-Ampicillin; D-Cillin; Delcillin; Deripen; Divercillin; Doktacillin; Duphacillin; Geocillin; Grampenil; Guicitrina; Guicitrine; Lifeampil; Morepen; Norobrittin; Novo-Ampicillin; Nuvapen; Olin Kid; Omnipen; Omnipen-N; Orbicilina; Pen A; Pen a Oral; Pen Ampil; Penbristol; Penbritin; Penbritin Paediatric; Penbritin Syrup; Penbritin-S; Penbrock; Penicline; Penimic; Pensyn; Pentrex; Pentrexl; Pentrexyl; Pfizerpen A; Pfizerpen-A; Polycillin; Polycillin-N; Ponecil; Princillin; Principen; Principen '125'; Principen '250'; Principen '500'; Qidamp; Racenacillin; Ro-Ampen; Rosampline; Roscillin; Semicillin; Semicillin R; Servicillin; Sk-Ampicillin; Spectrobid; Sumipanto; Supen; Synpenin; Texcillin; Tokiocillin; Tolomol; Totacillin; Totacillin-N; Totalciclina; Totapen; Trifacilina; Ultrabion; Ultrabron; Unasyn; Vampen; Viccillin; Viccillin S; Wypicil

Indications

For treatment of infection (Respiratory, GI, UTI and meningitis) due to E. coli, P. mirabilis, enterococci, Shigella, S. typhosa and other Salmonella, nonpenicillinase-producing N. gononhoeae, H. influenzae, staphylococci, streptococci including streptoc

Pharmacology

Ampicillin is a penicillin beta-lactam antibiotic used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually gram-positive, organisms. The name "penicillin" can either refer to several variants of penicillin available, or to the group of antibiotics derived from the penicillins. Ampicillin has in vitro activity against gram-positive and gram-negative aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. The bactericidal activity of Ampicillin results from the inhibition of cell wall synthesis and is mediated through Ampicillin binding to penicillin binding proteins (PBPs). Ampicillin is stable against hydrolysis by a variety of beta-lactamases, including penicillinases, and cephalosporinases and extended spectrum beta-lactamases.

Mechanism of Action

By binding to specific penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located inside the bacterial cell wall, Ampicillin inhibits the third and last stage of bacterial cell wall synthesis. Cell lysis is then mediated by bacterial cell wall autolytic enzymes such as autolysins; it is possible that Ampicillin interferes with an autolysin inhibitor.

Absorption

Not Available

Toxicity

Not Available

Biotrnasformation / Drug Metabolism

Not Available

Contraindications

A history of a previous hypersensitivity reaction to any of the penicillins is a contraindication. Ampicillin is also contraindicated in infections caused by penicillinase-producing organisms.

Drug Interactions

When administered concurrently, the following drugs may interact with ampicillin.

Allopurinol: Increased possibility of skin rash, particularly in hyperuricemic patients may occur.

Bacteriostatic Antibiotics: Chloramphenicol, erythromycins, sulfonamides, or tetracyclines may interfere with the bactericidal effect of penicillins. This has been demonstrated in view, however, the clinical significance of this interaction is not well documented.

Oral Contraceptives: May be less effective and increased breakthrough bleeding may occur.

Probenecid: May decrease renal tubular secretion of ampicillin resulting in increased blood levels and/or ampicillin toxicity.

Drug/Laboratory Test Interaction

After treatment with ampicillin, a false-positive reaction for glucose in the urine may occur with copper sulfate tests (Benedict's solution, Fehling's solution, or Clinitest tablets) but not with enzyme based tests such as Clinistix and Glucose Enzymatic Test Strip USP.

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