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Five years follow-up following two or three doses of a hepatitis B vaccine in adolescents aged 11-15 years: a randomised controlled study.

Author(s): Van Damme P, Moiseeva A, Marichev I, Kervyn AD, Booy R, Kuriyakose S, Brockway A, Ng SP, Leyssen M, Jacquet JM

Affiliation(s): Faculty of Medicine, Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute (WHO Collaborating Centre), Centre for Evaluation of Vaccination, Antwerpen, Belgium. pierre.vandamme@ua.ac.be

Publication date & source: 2010-12-20, BMC Infect Dis., 10:357.

Publication type: Multicenter Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

BACKGROUND: The standard three-dose schedule of hepatitis B vaccines is frequently not completed, especially in adolescents. A primary study has confirmed the equivalence of a two-dose schedule of an Adult formulation of hepatitis B vaccine [Group HBV_2D] to a three-dose schedule of a Paediatric formulation in adolescents (11-15 years) [Group HBV_3D]. This follow-up study evaluated the five year persistence of antibody response and immune memory against the hepatitis B surface (anti-HBs) antigens five years after completion of primary vaccination. METHODS: A total of 234 subjects returned at the Year 5 time point, of which 144 subjects received a challenge dose of hepatitis B vaccine. Blood samples were collected yearly and pre- and post-challenge dose to assess anti-HBs antibody concentrations. RESULTS: At the end of five years, 79.5% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 71.7 - 86.1) and 91.4% (95% CI: 82.3 - 96.8) of subjects who received the two-dose and three-dose schedules, respectively had anti-HBs antibody concentrations >/= 10 mIU/mL. Post-challenge dose, all subjects had anti-HBs antibody concentration >/= 10 mIU/mL and >94% subjects had anti-HBs antibody concentration >/= 100 mIU/mL. All subjects mounted a rapid anamnestic response to the challenge dose. Overall, the challenge dose was well-tolerated. CONCLUSION: The two-dose schedule of hepatitis B vaccine confers long-term immunogenicity and shows evidence of immune memory for at least five years following vaccination. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinical Trials NCT00343915, NCT00524576.

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