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Modulation of plasma all-trans retinoic acid concentrations by the consumption of carotenoid-rich vegetables.

Author(s): Ruhl R, Bub A, Watzl B

Affiliation(s): Apoptosis and Genomics Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Nutritional Bioactivation and Bioanalysis, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary. rruehl@dote.hu

Publication date & source: 2008-11, Nutrition., 24(11-12):1224-6. Epub 2008 Jul 23.

Publication type: Randomized Controlled Trial

OBJECTIVE: A human intervention trial was conducted to determine the effects of consumption of carotenoid-rich vegetables on levels of retinol (ROL) and the active vitamin A metabolite all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA). METHODS: The study was divided into four periods, each lasting 2 wk: weeks 1-2, a low carotenoid period; weeks 3-4, daily consumption of 330 mL of tomato juice; weeks 5-6, 330 mL of carrot juice daily; and weeks 7-8, 10 g of dried spinach powder daily. ROL and ATRA concentrations were measured after each 2-wk study period. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: This study shows that consumption of carrot juice containing high concentrations of the pro-vitamin A carotenoid beta-carotene results in slightly, non-significantly increased plasma ROL concentrations and strong, significantly increased (almost double, from 1.2 +/- 0.3 to 2.0 +/- 0.31 ng/mL) plasma concentrations of ATRA, whereas consumption of tomato juice and spinach powder results in no significant alteration in concentrations of plasma ROL and ATRA.

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