Prevention of Diabetes in Women with a History of Gestational Diabetes: Effects of Metformin and Lifestyle Interventions.

Author(s): Ratner RE, Christophi CA, Metzger BE, Dabelea D, Bennett PH, Pi-Sunyer X, Fowler S, Kahn SE, The Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group

Affiliation(s): Medstar Research Institute, Hyattsville, MD; The Biostatistics Center, The George Washington University, DPP Coordinating Center, Rockville, MD; Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; University of Colorado, Department of Preventive Medicine & Biometrics, Denver, CO; National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Phoenix, AZ; St. Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital Center, New York, NY; VA Puget Sound Health Care System and University of Washington, Seattle, WA.

Publication date & source: 2008-09-30, J Clin Endocrinol Metab., [Epub ahead of print]

Publication type:

Context: A past history of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) confers a very high risk of post-partum development of diabetes, particularly type 2 diabetes. Objective: The Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) sought to identify individuals with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and intervene in an effort to prevent or delay their progression to diabetes. This analysis examines the differences between women enrolled in DPP with and without a reported history of GDM. Design: The DPP was a randomized, controlled clinical trial. Setting: The study was a multicenter, NIH-sponsored trial carried out at 27 centers including academic and Indian Health Services sites. Patients: 2190 women were randomized into the DPP and provided information for past history of GDM. This analysis addresses the differences between those 350 women providing a past history of GDM and those 1416 women with a previous live birth, but no history of GDM. Interventions: Subjects were randomized to either standard lifestyle and placebo or metformin therapy, or to an intensive lifestyle intervention. Main Outcomes: The primary outcome was the time to development of diabetes ascertained by semi-annual fasting plasma glucose and annual oral glucose tolerance testing. Assessments of insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity were also performed. Results: While entering the study with similar glucose levels, women with a history of GDM randomized to placebo had a crude incidence rate of diabetes 71% higher than that of women without such a history. Among women reporting a history of GDM, both intensive lifestyle and metformin therapy reduced the incidence of diabetes by approximately 50% compared with the placebo group, whereas this reduction was 49% and 14%, respectively in parous women without GDM. These data suggest that metformin may be more effective in women with a GDM history as compared to those without. Conclusions: Progression to diabetes is more common in women with a history of GDM compared to those without GDM history despite equivalent degrees of IGT at baseline. Both intensive lifestyle and metformin are highly effective in delaying or preventing diabetes in women with IGT and a history of GDM.