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A placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial of naltrexone in the context of different levels of psychosocial intervention.

Author(s): Oslin DW, Lynch KG, Pettinati HM, Kampman KM, Gariti P, Gelfand L, Ten Have T, Wortman S, Dundon W, Dackis C, Volpicelli JR, O'Brien CP

Affiliation(s): Center for the Study of Addictions, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA. oslin@mail.med.upenn.edu

Publication date & source: 2008-07, Alcohol Clin Exp Res., 32(7):1299-308.

Publication type: Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

BACKGROUND: Naltrexone is approved for the treatment of alcohol dependence when used in conjunction with a psychosocial intervention. This study was undertaken to examine the impact of 3 types of psychosocial treatment combined with either naltrexone or placebo treatment on alcohol dependency over 24 weeks of treatment: (1) Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) + medication clinic, (2) BRENDA (an intervention promoting pharmacotherapy) + medication clinic, and (3) a medication clinic model with limited therapeutic content. METHODS: Two hundred and forty alcohol-dependent subjects were enrolled in a 24-week double-blind placebo-controlled study of naltrexone (100 mg/d). Subjects were also randomly assigned to 1 of 3 psychosocial interventions. All patients were assessed for alcohol use, medication adherence, and adverse events at regularly scheduled research visits. RESULTS: There was a modest main treatment effect for the psychosocial condition favoring those subjects randomized to CBT. Intent-to-treat analyses suggested that there was no overall efficacy of naltrexone and no medication by psychosocial intervention interaction. There was a relatively low level of medication adherence (50% adhered) across conditions, and this was associated with poor outcome. CONCLUSIONS: Results from this 24-week treatment study demonstrate the importance of the psychosocial component in the treatment of alcohol dependence. Moreover, results demonstrate a substantial association between medication adherence and treatment outcomes. The findings suggest that further research is needed to determine the appropriate use of pharmacotherapy in maximizing treatment response.

Page last updated: 2008-08-10

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