Effects of oral methamphetamine on cocaine use: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

Author(s): Mooney ME, Herin DV, Schmitz JM, Moukaddam N, Green CE, Grabowski J

Affiliation(s): Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55414, USA. moon0078@umn.edu

Publication date & source: 2009-04-01, Drug Alcohol Depend., 101(1-2):34-41. Epub 2008 Dec 5.

Publication type: Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

BACKGROUND: No medication is currently approved for the treatment of cocaine dependence, but several preclinical and clinical reports suggest agonist-like medications, e.g., amphetamine analogues, may be a productive strategy for medication development. OBJECTIVE: This current proof-of-concept study sought to evaluate the safety, tolerability, and effectiveness of methamphetamine as a candidate treatment for cocaine dependence. METHODS: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study served to evaluate three treatment conditions in 82 cocaine-dependent individuals: (1) placebo (0mg, 6x/day; n=27), (2) immediate release (IR) methamphetamine (5mg, 6x/day; n=30), (3) sustained release (SR) methamphetamine (30 mg first pill, 1x/day; 0mg 5x/day; n=25). The study employed a sequential, two-phase design (i.e., 4 weeks of medication and counseling followed by 4 weeks of medication/counseling plus a contingency management procedure). RESULTS: Both preparation forms of methamphetamine were well-tolerated, with similar retention to placebo (0mg, 33%; 30 mg IR, 30%, 30 mg SR, 32%). Methamphetamine SR was associated with decreased sleep and increased weight loss. Medication adherence rates were high for the first dose of the day (95%), while adherence for subsequent capsules was lower. Those in the SR condition exhibited consistently lower rates of cocaine-positive urine samples (0mg, 60%; 30 mg IR, 66%; 30 mg SR, 29%), p<0.0001, and reported the greatest reduction in craving for cocaine, p<0.05. CONCLUSIONS: SR methamphetamine significantly reduced cocaine use and craving. Additional research is warranted to develop and evaluate agonist-like medications that may effectively treat cocaine dependence.