Comparison of controlled-release and immediate-release oxycodone tablets in patients with cancer pain.

Author(s): Kaplan R, Parris WC, Citron ML, Zhukovsky D, Reder RF, Buckley BJ, Kaiko RF

Affiliation(s): Department of Anesthesiology Pain Service, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA.

Publication date & source: 1998-10, J Clin Oncol., 16(10):3230-7.

Publication type: Clinical Trial; Multicenter Study; Randomized Controlled Trial

PURPOSE: This study compared the clinical efficacy of oxycodone hydrochloride controlled-release (CR) tablets administered every 12 hours with immediate-release (IR) oxycodone tablets administered four times daily in patients with cancer-related pain. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Cancer patients who required therapy for moderate to severe pain were randomized to CR oxycodone every 12 hours (n=81) or IR oxycodone four times daily (n=83) for 5 days in a multicenter, double-blind study. Pain intensity was assessed four times daily (categorical scale of none, slight, moderate, and severe); acceptability of therapy was assessed twice daily (categorical scale of very poor, poor, fair, good, and excellent). RESULTS: Pain intensity remained slight during the study, with mean oxycodone doses of 114 mg/d (range, 20 to 400 mg/d) for CR and 127 mg/d (range, 40 to 640 mg/d) for IR. Acceptability of therapy was fair to good with both treatments. While standard conversion ratios provided an acceptable dose for many patients, a protocol amendment that allowed initial titration and use of rescue medication reduced the discontinuation rate for lack of acceptable pain control (from 34% to 4% with CR and from 31% to 19% with IR before and after amendment, respectively) without increasing the discontinuation rate for adverse events (from 8% to 7% with CR and from 13% to 11% with IR). Fewer adverse events were reported with CR (109) than with IR (186) oxycodone (P=.006). CONCLUSION: CR oxycodone every 12 hours was as effective as IR oxycodone four times daily in managing moderate to severe cancer-related pain and was associated with fewer reports of adverse events.