Evaluation of thermal antinociceptive effects after intramuscular administration
of hydromorphone hydrochloride to American kestrels (Falco sparverius).
Author(s): Guzman DS(1), Drazenovich TL, Olsen GH, Willits NH, Paul-Murphy JR.
Affiliation(s): Author information:
(1)Department of Veterinary Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary
Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
guzman@ucdavis.edu
Publication date & source: 2013, Am J Vet Res. , 74(6):817-22
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the antinociceptive and sedative effects and duration of
action of hydromorphone hydrochloride after IM administration to American
kestrels (Falco sparverius).
ANIMALS: 11 healthy 2-year-old American kestrels.
PROCEDURES: Hydromorphone (0.1, 0.3, and 0.6 mg/kg) and an equivalent volume of
saline (0.9% NaCl) solution (control treatment) were administered IM to kestrels
in a masked randomized complete crossover study design. Foot withdrawal response
to a thermal stimulus was determined 30 to 60 minutes before (baseline) and 0.5,
1.5, 3, and 6 hours after treatment administration. Agitation-sedation scores
were determined 3 to 5 minutes before each thermal test.
RESULTS: Hydromorphone at 0.6 mg/kg, IM, significantly increased the thermal foot
withdrawal threshold, compared with the response after administration of saline
solution, for up to 3 hours, and hydromorphone at 0.1, 0.3, and 0.6 mg/kg, IM,
significantly increased withdrawal responses for up to 6 hours, compared with
baseline values. No significant differences in mean sedation-agitation scores
were detected between hydromorphone and saline solution treatments; however,
appreciable sedation was detected in 4 birds when administered 0.6 mg of
hydromorphone/kg.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Hydromorphone at the doses evaluated
significantly increased the thermal nociception threshold for American kestrels
for 3 to 6 hours. Additional studies with other types of stimulation,
formulations, dosages, routes of administration, and testing times are needed to
fully evaluate the analgesic and adverse effects of hydromorphone in kestrels and
other avian species and the use of hydromorphone in clinical settings.
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