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Single-dose extended-release azithromycin versus a 10-day regimen of amoxicillin/clavulanate for the treatment of children with acute otitis media.

Author(s): Arguedas A, Soley C, Kamicker BJ, Jorgensen DM

Affiliation(s): Instituto de Atencion Pediatrica, PO Box 607-1150, La Uruca, San Jose, Costa Rica. aarguedas@iped.net

Publication date & source: 2011-04, Int J Infect Dis., 15(4):e240-8. Epub 2011 Jan 26.

Publication type: Multicenter Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

OBJECTIVES: A randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, multicenter international study was conducted to assess the clinical and bacteriologic response, safety, and compliance of a single 60-mg/kg dose of azithromycin extended-release (ER) versus a 10-day regimen of amoxicillin/clavulanate 90/6.4 mg/kg per day in children with acute otitis media at high risk of persistent or recurrent middle ear infection. METHODS: Children aged 3 to 48 months were enrolled and stratified into two age groups (</= 24 months and >24 months). Pretreatment tympanocentesis was performed at all sites and was repeated during treatment at selected sites. RESULTS: The primary endpoint, clinical response at the test-of-cure visit in the bacteriologic eligible population, was achieved in 80.5% of children in the azithromycin ER group and 84.5% of children in the amoxicillin/clavulanate group (difference-3.9%; 95% confidence interval-10.4, 2.6). Bacteriologic eradication was 82.6% in the azithromycin ER group and 92% in the amoxicillin/clavulanate group (p=0.050). Children who received amoxicillin/clavulanate had significantly higher rates of dermatitis and diarrhea, a greater burden of adverse events, and a lower rate of compliance to study drug compared to those who received azithromycin ER. CONCLUSIONS: A single 60-mg/kg dose of azithromycin ER provides near equivalent effectiveness to a 10-day regimen of amoxicillin/clavulanate 90/6.4 mg/kg per day in the treatment of children with acute otitis media. Copyright (c) 2011 International Society for Infectious Diseases. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page last updated: 2011-12-09

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